Complexity of Body Movements during Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Recently, measuring the complexity of body movements during sleep has been proven as an objective biomarker of various psychiatric disorders. Although sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and might exacerbate ASD symptoms, their objectivity as a biomarker remains to be established. Therefore, details of body movement complexity during sleep as estimated by actigraphy were investigated in typically developing (TD) children and in children with ASD. Several complexity analyses were applied to raw and thresholded data of actigraphy from 17 TD children and 17 children with ASD. Determinism, irregularity and unpredictability, and long-range temporal correlation were examined respectively using the false nearest neighbor (FNN) algorithm, information-theoretic analyses, and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Although the FNN algorithm did not reveal determinism in body movements, surrogate analyses identified the influence of nonlinear processes on the irregularity and long-range temporal correlation of body movements. Additionally, the irregularity and unpredictability of body movements measured by expanded sample entropy were significantly lower in ASD than in TD children up to two hours after sleep onset and at approximately six hours after sleep onset. This difference was found especially for the high-irregularity period. Through this study, we characterized details of the complexity of body movements during sleep and demonstrated the group difference of body movement complexity across TD children and children with ASD. Complexity analyses of body movements during sleep have provided valuable insights into sleep profiles. Body movement complexity might be useful as a biomarker for ASD.     

信息理论框架下的神经网络构建

神经网络模型的构建方法是神经网络研究的重点和难点,传统的构建方法建立在实验和重复学习的基础上,本文提出了一种信息理论框架下的神经网络构建方法基于熵的神经网络(EBNN).EBNN借助于前馈网络与决策树的等价性,采用熵做为神经网络构造的准则,利用决策树的构造思想和方法,建立了一种系统的神经网络构造方法.实验表明EBNN方法学习速度比传统BP网络快,但又不降低神经网络性能.     

基于小波包最优树的图像数字水印

本水印系统利用小波包在图像处理上的优势和适于图像加密的特点,采用”熵”最优树的标准来确定小波包最优基,结合人眼视觉特性和图像压缩特点,选择在图像受影响较小的中频子块范围嵌入水印,即达到了抗压缩的目的,提高了水印的安全性和稳健性,又使嵌入的水印在视觉上具有很好的隐蔽性能。     

接触分析的光滑模型及迭代算法

利用变分不等式和基于信息熵的凝聚函数把有摩擦接触问题模型化为一个标准的凸二次规划问题,极大地简化了这一复杂的问题,同时引入摩擦方向约束并构造了以无摩擦解为初值的迭代算法,在较摩擦系数时计算也能保证收敛,算例表明算法高效可靠。     

一种新型的文本无监督特征选择方法

结合文档频数DF(Document Frequency)和特征相似度FS(Feature Similarity)方法,提出一种新的无监督特征选择方法DFFS.该方法利用文档频数过滤掉90%的特征之后,再借助特征相似度移除尽可能多的冗余特征.采用K-均值方法,对比DFFS方法与其他3种常用特征选择方法(DF,TC,TS)的聚类性能.实验一:当特征数量由6 000减少到1 047时,DF方法的聚类性能急剧下降,而DFFS方法则有提高,甚至当特征数量进一步减少到350时,DFFS方法也没有下降.实验二:在保持10%～2%的特征时,DFFS方法优于其他3种方法,特别是在只保留2%的特征时,DFFS方法的明显优于其他方法.     

Determination of Parameters for an Entropy-Based Atrial Fibrillation Detector

Entropy algorithm is an important nonlinear method for cardiovascular disease detection due to its power in analyzing short-term time series. In previous a study, we proposed a new entropy-based atrial fibrillation (AF) detector, i.e., Entropy_AF, which showed a high classification accuracy in identifying AF and non-AF rhythms. As a variation of entropy measures, Entropy_AF has two parameters that need to be initialized before the calculation: (1) tolerance threshold r and (2) similarity weight n. In this study, a comprehensive analysis for the two parameters determination was presented, aiming to achieve a high detection accuracy for AF events. Data were from the MIT-BIH AF database. RR interval recordings were segmented using a 30-beat time window. The parameters r and n were initialized from a relatively small value, then gradually increased, and finally the best parameter combination was determined using grid searching. AUC (area under curve) values from the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) were compared under different parameter combinations of parameters r and n, and the results demonstrated that the selection of these two parameters plays an important role in AF/non-AF classification. Small values of parameters r and n can lead to a better detection accuracy than other selections. The best AUC value for AF detection was 98.15%, and the corresponding parameter combinations for Entropy_AF were as follows: r = 0.01, n = 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5; r = 0.05 and n = 0.0625, 0.125, or 0.25; and r = 0.10 and n = 0.0625 or 0.125.     

针对不确定射频识别数据流的改进概率推导方法

针对射频识别(RFID)数据存在漏读和交叉读而导致所提供的位置信息不准确,以及RFID数据与上层应用需求之间存在的信息鸿沟,提出了一种可以处理RFID交叉读问题的改进的RFID数据推导方法.该方法利用动态图模型并辅以历史RFID识读,从不确定RFID数据流上有效捕获对象的当前状态,采用基于熵的方法推导对象的最可能位置与包含,并且利用仿真物流仓库的RFID模拟数据进行算法评价.实验结果显示,该方法在获得准确推导结果的同时,能确保其高效性.对于常见RFID部署,位置推导和包含推导的错误率都可以控制在10%以内,针对超过17万个节点的推导所用时间小于1s,采用修剪措施后内存使用低于700MB.     

不确定RFID数据流上基于熵的数据推导方法

针对海量RFID数据中存在的不准确性以及语义信息鸿沟,提出了一种基于概率分布熵的数据推导方法.该方法采用时变图模型并充分利用历史RFID识读,从不确定RFID数据流上有效捕获贴标对象所处的状态,并采用基于概率分布熵的方法分别推导对象最可能的位置和包含.该方法可以同时处理RFID识读中的漏读和多读.最后利用模拟RFID数据进行参数调优和算法评价,实验结果显示：该方法在获得准确推导结果的同时,能确保其高效性和高伸缩性.     

复合生态系统运行中的熵理分析

运用系统科学领域的熵与负熵理论对复合生态系统运行进行分析 ,地球上出现的各种生态危机源于自然、社会、经济的不协调发展 ,社会经济系统过多地掠夺了进入自然界的负熵流 ,造成自然子系统的熵值增大 ,无序度增加。抑制系统熵增的途径在于调节自然、经济、社会子系统之间的关系 ,促进协调发展 ,其关键是培养人类的生态意识。     

基于等效磁路的PMECD变种群规模遗传多目标优化设计

基于等效磁路模型,提出了一种使用引入死亡和战争因素的变种群规模遗传算法进行永磁涡流驱动器的多目标优化设计的方法.首先建立磁场分析模型,推导关键参数的解析表达式.在此基础上,以永磁体厚度、极弧系数、铜盘厚度以及永磁体个数为变量,以输出转矩、转动惯量和驱动器体积为优化目标,提出了基于熵值权重的永磁驱动器多目标优化函数,然后应用引入死亡和战争因素的变种群规模遗传算法来优化结构尺寸.优化结果得到了实验以及有限元仿真的验证,并且与其他算法进行了比较.结果表明,相比其他优化算法,该基于解析模型的变种群规模遗传算法在结构参数优化设计中有很好的计算效果.