醋全蛋饮料的研制

采用醋酸从鸡蛋壳提取活性钙 ,利用木瓜蛋白酶将鸡蛋蛋白质水解成多肽和氨基酸 .通过正交试验 ,得出酶解的最佳条件为 :水解温度 5 5°C,水解时间 4小时 ,每 1 g鸡蛋木瓜蛋白酶用量 1 1 0 0 0 u,蛋白质浓度为 3g/1 0 0 m L.从鸡蛋壳提取活性钙的最佳条件为 :提取温度 45°C,提取时间 3小时 ,每 5 g鸡蛋壳醋酸量 0 .1 6mol,醋酸浓度 0 .66mol/L.并将水解产物调配成高钙的醋全蛋营养饮品     

Multiobjective Optimization of Fabrication Parameters of Jute Fiber/Polyester Composites with Egg Shell Powder and Nanoclay Filler

In the present study, a model is presented to optimize the fabrication parameters of natural fiber reinforced polyester matrix composites with dual fillers. In particular, jute fiber mat was chosen as reinforcement and eggshell powder (ESP) and montmorillonite nanoclay (NC) were selected as fillers. The weight per square meter (GSM) of the fiber, the weight percentage of ESP and NC have been chosen as independent variables and the influence of these variables on tensile, flexural and impact strength of the composite has been inspected. The permutations of the different combinations of factors are intended to accomplish higher interfacial strength with the lowest possible number of tested specimens. The experiments were designed by the Taguchi strategy and a novel multi-objective optimization technique named COPRAS (COmplex PRoportional ASsessment of alternatives) was used to determine the optimal parameter combinations. Affirmation tests were performed with the optimal parameter settings and the mechanical properties were evaluated and compared. Experimental results show that fiber GSM and eggshell powder content are significant variables that improve mechanical strength, while the nanoclay appears less important.     

废弃蛋壳的利用价值及其资源化途径与技术

根据蛋壳3个主要组成部分的化学成分及其性质,归纳总结了蛋壳各部分在食品、医药、轻化工等主要领域的开发利用情况,阐述了蛋壳的资源化途径和主要技术。     

乌龟卵壳结构的研究

本文对乌龟卵壳在扫描电镜下的微观结构进行了研究.乌龟卵壳主要由钙质层与壳膜组成.钙质层由霰石状态的碳酸钙晶体组成,可分为许多个壳单位,每个壳单位由同一中心辐射出来的针状晶体构成.卵壳的外表面具有一定的饰纹,有些部位还分布有纵横交错的有机纤维和块状的有机物质.壳膜由多层网状纤维组成,没有内、外壳膜之分.龟卵在孵化过程中不形成气室.同时对孵化前后龟卵壳的结构进行了对比研究.     

不同钙源的羟基磷灰石的合成及表征

通过比较法研究了不同钙源在水热条件下合成羟基磷灰石的方法。SEM,XRD和FT-IR的测试结果表明,蛋壳不仅可以成为有效钙源,而且多孔结构还可充当硬模板,在磷酸二氢钠缓慢腐蚀CaCO_3的同时提供PO_4~(3-)诱导生成花状羟基磷灰石。研究表明,磷酸肌酸钠水热缓慢分解释放磷酸根在合成高纯度羟基磷灰石方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

Mechanical and electrical properties of radiation-vulcanized natural rubber latex with waste eggshell powder as bio-fillers

ABSTRACT

This work investigated the mechanical, physical, morphological, and electrical (volume) resistivity properties of radiation-vulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL) with additions of waste eggshell (WES) powder, which contained primarily CaCO₃ (calcite). The results showed that increasing gamma irradiation doses from 0 to 30?kGy in 10-kGy increments led to decreases in the swelling ratio and elongation at break but increases in the crosslink density, tensile modulus at 500% elongation, and tensile strength of the composites. The results also suggested that increasing the WES contents from 0 to 2, 4, or 6 parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight (phr) in the composites improved the tensile modulus at 500% elongation, tensile strength, hardness (Shore A), and electrical (volume) resistivity. In addition, after undergoing thermal aging at 70°C for 96?h, the tensile modulus and hardness (Shore A) increased, while the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. This work also compared the properties of WES/RVNRL with commercial CaCO₃/RVNRL samples at the same 4-phr content. The results indicated that both composites had similar tensile properties, implying possible replacement of commercial CaCO₃ with WES powder as an effective reinforcing filler in RVNRL.     

基于Mipmap算法蛋壳镶嵌漆画的绘制

介绍一种蛋壳漆画镶嵌漆画真实感的绘制方法,即在Mipmap算法基础上,对纹理贴图的渲染技术和纹理贴图的绘制加以改进,使绘制的图形有蛋壳漆画的艺术特征,绘制结果表明该方法可以得到具有真实感效果的蛋壳画.     

壳聚糖固定化葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器测定葡萄糖的含量

应用壳聚糖将葡萄糖氧化酶固定于鸡蛋膜上,结合氧电极制得葡萄糖传感器.实验表明,壳聚糖比戊二醛能更好地固定葡萄糖氧化酶,最佳条件为壳聚糖浓度0.3%、固定化酶量0.8 mg、 pH 7.0、缓冲溶液浓度300 mmol/L和温度25 ℃.本葡萄糖传感器的线性范围为0.016～1.10 mmol/L;检出限为8.0 μmol/L(S/N=3), 响应时间<60 s,有很好的稳定性,寿命>3个月.同一个传感器重复使用以及同方法制作的不同传感器之间都有很好的重现性,RSD分别为2.5%(n=10)和4.7%(n=4).实际样品中可能存在的烟酰胺、 VB6、 VB12、 VE、Ca2+、 Mg2+、 K+和Zn2+等对葡萄糖的测定不产生干扰.本传感器已成功地应用于市售饮料中葡萄糖含量的测定.     

白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)卵壳的超微结构及元素组成研究

对采自河南董寨国家级自然保护区的白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)卵壳样品进行了检测和研究,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了卵壳的超微结构,采用电感偶合等离子体光谱仪测定了卵壳中的化学元素.结果表明:白冠长尾雉卵壳的表面晶体层、栅栏锥体层和壳膜层的厚度分别为20.8,220.8和62.5μm,分别占卵壳总厚度的6.8%,72.6%和20.6%;栅栏层有很多蜂窝小孔,其直径为(0.32±0.08)μm(n=30);卵壳表面有许多圆形或椭圆形的气孔,可能与胚胎发育过程中的气体交换有关,气孔横断面呈细漏斗状,在其上半部有颗粒状填充物.同时比较了白冠长尾雉野生和笼养个体未孵化卵壳中21种化学元素的含量,发现在组成卵壳的化学元素中,野生白冠长尾雉的Ca,Mg,P,S的质量分数w>1 mg.g-1,其中Ca含量超过卵壳元素总含量的40%;Na,Si,S,K和Al次之,w=0.1~1mg.g-1;Fe,Zn,Pb,Mn,Cu,V,Ti元素的w=1~100μg.g-1;Ni,Cr,Co,Se,Cd的含量最低,w<1μg.g-1.与野生个体的卵壳相比,保护区人工饲养的白冠长尾雉的卵壳成分有显著差异,其中S,Cu,Fe,Al,Mn,Si,Sr,Se,Cr等元素野生个体与笼养个体相比,同种元素在不同个体上w的差异均达到20%以上.饲养个体对Fe,Mn,Si和Sr等4种元素摄入明显不足,而S,Cu,Al,Se,Cr等元素则显著偏高,这可能是造成董寨自然保护区白冠长尾雉卵受精率较低的主要原因.建议适当调整饲料中这些元素的配比,以保证饲养条件下白冠长尾雉拥有良好的营养供给,从而提高人工繁殖的成功率.     

日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因的扩增及克隆

目的:扩增和克隆日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因(SjESG),以研究其作为候选疫苗分子和药物靶点的可能性.方法:合成引物,以日本血吸虫雌、雄虫cDNA第一链为模板,RT-PCR扩增日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因,与带有硫氧还蛋白(Trx)基因的高效原核表达质粒pET32a(+)定向重组,构建原核表达重组质粒,并经限制性核酸内切酶酶切分析和PCR鉴定.结果:从雌虫cDNA中扩增出624bp SjESG基因,原核表达重组质粒pET32a(+)-SiESG经限制性核酸内切酶酶切和PCR均获得624bp的DNA片段.结论:成功构建原核表达重组质#ipET32a(+)-SjESG.