Solid-State 1H-NMR Relaxation Properties of the Fruit of a Wild Relative of Eggplant at Different Proton Larmor Frequencies

¹H longitudinal relaxation time profiles (T1) at different proton Larmor frequencies were registered for a solid-state plant tissue by using fast field cycling (FFC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. T1 distributions were obtained and the curves deconvoluted in order to differentiate among the different T1 components. Among the components, two were assigned to hydrophobic (e.g., fatty acid) and hydrophilic (e.g., saccharide) molecular systems, whereas the others were attributed to bulk and bound water. This paper shows for the first time solid-state FFC-NMR spectroscopy applied to plant tissue and reveals that relaxometry is a very promising technique for studying plant systems.     

嫁接茄子试验研究

试验研究结果得出,茄子嫁接技术的确是一项有效防治土传病害黄萎病和增产增收的有效措施.     

杂交茄子新品种“呼茄6号”的选育与试验

呼茄6号是以79B01-2-2-2为母本，9105-1-1-3为父本配制的一代杂种。该品种中早熟，始花节住7-8节果实长卵圆形，果皮黑色，光泽度好，耐弱光，果肉松软，味甜，口感极好。平均单果重量80g左右，露地每667m^2产量4400kg左右。适宜保护地和露地栽培。     

Residues and risk assessment of bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr in eggplant and soil under open ecosystem conditions

Dissipation and residue levels of bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr in eggplant and soil under field conditions were investigated using gas chromatography coupled with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The mean recoveries of bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr were 85.2–104.9%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.5–9.1%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 mg kg^?1. Bifenthrin exhibited half-lives of 3.3 to 4.1 days in eggplant and 17.8 to 25.7 days in soil; the half-lives of chlorfenapyr were 3.5 to 3.8 days in eggplant and 21.7 to 27.7 days in soil. During harvest, the terminal residues of bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr were below 0.031 and 0.083 mg kg^?1, respectively. Risk assessment for different groups of people in China was evaluated. The risk quotients (RQs) of bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr were ranged from 0.0068 to 0.0148 and from 0.0033 to 0.0072, respectively. These results may provide guidance on reasonable use of pesticides and serve as a basis for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) in China.     

生防菌剂YKT41及B418防治茄子根结线虫病的田间试验

为了验证褐球固氮菌YKT41和越南伯克霍尔德氏菌B418对茄子根结线虫病的防治作用,进行了田间防治效果试验。结果表明,在使用30.0 kg/hm2微生物制剂（活菌数≥20×108 cfu/g）的情况下,YKT41及B418活菌制剂的防治效果分别达到了72.8%和75.6%,增产效果分别达到了14.6%和12.7%,具有良好的推广使用价值。试验还表明,该微生物菌剂主要以活体微生物起作用,灭活后使用效果较差,因此一定要在保质期内使用。     

不同温度条件下氟乐灵对茄子黄萎病的诱抗效果

研究了诱抗剂氟乐灵在不同温度条件下对茄子黄萎病的诱抗效果.结果表明,氟乐灵对茄子黄萎病具有较好的诱抗效果,持效期在24d以上.温度对诱抗效果和持效期具有显著影响,氟乐灵在20℃和25℃诱抗防效较佳,持效期长;而30℃时诱抗效果较差,持效期较短.控制适宜的温度可以提高诱抗剂的防效,并延长持效期.     

茄子砧木黄萎病抗性的苗期室内接种鉴定

就赤茄、GS2、CRP和托鲁巴姆等4个野生茄子砧木对茄子黄萎病的抗性，进行了苗期室内接种鉴定，实验结果表明：1）浸根接种发病率最高，效果最好；2）托鲁巴姆对茄子黄萎病的抗性最强，其次为CRP、赤茄和GS2．     

茄子的非可食部分糖苷生物碱的分布

采用高效液相色谱法对茄子的根、茎、叶、蒂中糖苷生物碱的种类和含量进行了分析,结果表明,茄子的这4个非可食部分均含有α-茄碱、α-卡茄碱、α-澳洲茄碱3种糖苷生物碱,且各部位中各种糖苷生物碱的含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中α-茄碱的含量分布情况为:蒂>叶>根>茎,α-卡茄碱的含量分布情况为:根>茎>叶>蒂,α-澳洲茄碱含量分布情况为:根>茎>蒂>叶,糖苷生物碱总含量分布情况为:蒂>根>叶>茎。此研究可为茄子的非可食部分的综合开发及利用奠定基础。     

Determination and quantification of phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts of Solanum ferrugineum (Solanaceae) fruits by HPLC-DAD and HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF

Solanum ferrugineum Jacq. is a wild species that in previous analysis reported a significant antioxidant capacity. The aim of our research was to determine total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and the phenolic composition by HPLC-DAD and HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF of methanolic extracts of S. ferrugineum fruits, collected from Paredones, Jiquilpan, and Fray Dominguez, Pajuacarán in the Mexican state of Michoacán. TPC and TFC were determined by the spectrophotometric Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and the AlCl₃ method, respectively. TPC in S. ferrugineum fruit [31.41?±?0.91?mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry tissue (DT)] was similar to those reported for Turkey berry (Solanum torvum Sw.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits. The TFC values of S. ferrugineum fruits (29.14?±?4.99?mg catechin equivalent /g DT) corresponded to 80.24% of the TPC. Eight phenolic compounds (PC) were identified by HPLC analysis. The main PC identified in S. ferrugineum fruits were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. S. ferrugineum fruits could be used as a starting material for the extraction of high-value PC with potential applications.     

鲜切茄子酶促褐变的过氧化物酶的特性研究

鲜切茄子在切片、贮藏和货架销售过程中易发生酶促褐变,从而降低其品质。文章对鲜切茄子褐变的过氧化物酶的酶学特性进行了深入研究。结果表明:茄子皮的过氧化物酶活性略高于茄子肉,过氧化物酶的最适pH为6左右,在pH6～8范围内较稳定;该酶的最适反应温度为40℃左右,对热稳定性较差,90℃加热4 min,过氧化物酶完全失去活性。考察了抗坏血酸、L-半胱氨酸、亚硫酸氢钠对茄子过氧化物酶的抑制作用,其抑制效果依次是抗坏血酸>L-半胱氨酸>亚硫酸氢钠。