The Cytotoxic Effect of α-Synuclein Aggregates

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder involving a functional protein, α-synuclein, whose primary function is related to vesicle trafficking. However, α-synuclein is prone to form aggregates, and these inclusions, known as Lewy bodies, are the hallmark of Parkinson's disease. α-synuclein can alter its conformation and acquire aggregating capacity, forming aggregates containing β-sheets. This protein's pathogenic importance is based on its ability to form oligomers that impair synaptic transmission and neuronal function by increasing membrane permeability and altering homeostasis, generating a deleterious effect over cells. First, we establish that oligomers interfere with the mechanical properties of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) membrane, as demonstrated by nanoindentation curves. In contrast, nanoindentation revealed that the α-synuclein monomer's presence leads to a much more resistant lipid bilayer. Moreover, the oligomers’ interaction with cell membranes can promote lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, suggesting the activation of cytotoxic events.     

数字电视技术现状及发展前景

近年来,数字电视已经成为广播电视业界和消费者关注的热点,而且开始走进人们的日常生活。但人们对于数字电视的认识还存在很多的局限性,因此本文对数字电视及其发展现状和发展前景作了系统介绍,并且提出了几种下一代数字电视的技术发展方向。     

我国烟草业的几大发展战略研究进展

为了搞清楚我国烟草业的发展趋势,本文总结分析了目前比较有代表性的几个观点,得出结论:我国烟草由于受经营特殊性的制约,经营机制、体制都不完善,与国外烟草企业相比还存在比较大的差距;但是,整个行业的发展要求我国烟草走国际化、多元化的发展之路。因此,我们必须加强烟草业的体制改革,加强我国烟草品牌的品牌建设,加大烟草业人才开发建设力度,加强烟草行业科研,与国际烟草企业展开竞争。     

Intake of different chemical species of dietary arsenic by the japanese,and their blood and urinary arsenic levels

We calculated the intake of each chemical species of dietary arsenic by typical Japanese, and determined urinary and blood levels of each chemical species of arsenic. The mean total arsenic intake by 35 volunteers was 195±235 (15.8-1039) μg As day^?1, composed of 76% trimethylated arsenic (TMA), 17.3% inorganic arsenic (As_i), 5.8% dimethylated arsenic (DMA), and 0.8% monomethylated arsenic (MA): the intake of TMA was the largest of all the measured species. Intake of As_i characteristically and invariably occurred in each meal. Of the intake of As_i, 45-75% was methylated in vivo to form MA and DMA, and excreted in these forms into urine. The mean measured urinary total arsenic level in 56 healthy volunteers was 129±92.0 μg As dm^?3, composed of 64.6% TMA, 26.7% DMA, 6.7% As_i and 2.2% MA. The mean blood total arsenic level in the 56 volunteers was 0.73±0.57 μg dl^?1, composed of 73% TMA, 14% DMA and 9.6% As_i. The urinary TMA levels proved to be significantly correlated with the whole-blood TMA levels (r = 0.376; P<0.01).     

Subchronic oral toxicity (six months) of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide [(HOOCCH2CH2Ge)2O3]n in rats

After briefly renewing toxicological data on germanium compounds, the authors report on the subchronic oral toxicity of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide in rats. During six months, male and female animals received 1 g kg^?1. day^?1. No particular toxic symptoms, and no behaviour problems except a small decrease of body weight in male rats, at the end of the six-month experimentation period, were observed. A significant decrease of erythropoiesis and some significant changes in leucocyte ratios were demonstrated. The main marked effect was a moderate renal dysfunction characterized by a tubular disease with the presence of cylinders, swelling of tubulus cells and flocculus deposits. Germanium urinary excretion was constant and linked to the received dose. Six months later, no preferential accumulation in organs was evident.     

乙醇对小白鼠胚胎的毒性和维生素的解毒作用

乙醇对小白鼠有致畸效应,尤其是对中枢神经系统(CNS)和骨骼系统.适量的维生素B_1和烟酰胺能解除由乙醇引起的小白鼠胎鼠毒害作用.     

Total surface areas of Group IVA organometallic compounds: Predictors of toxicity to algae and bacteria

There is a high correlation between molecular surface area (TSA) of triorganotin and triorganolead compounds and their toxicity towards a bacterium (Escherichia coli) and an alga (Selenastrum capricornutum). Parallel attempts to correlate other Group IVA organometals incorporating silicon or germanium were unsuccessful. It was further demonstrated, however, that a high correlation was obtainable between certain series of compounds with the same organic substituent but different metal centers involving all Group IVA elements. In both instances, the inability to obtain a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for all systems studied appears to be a function of the solubility of the compounds. While organotin TSA values have been found to correlate well with their toxicities toward various organisms, this study clearly suggests that this type of QSAR can be readily extended to include other organometal systems, provided that there is no solubility problem and the toxicity is a function of the hydrophobicity of the organometal compounds.     

盲人钢琴调律现状及发展趋势初探

论述了盲人钢琴调律教育现状及其发展趋势，认为盲人只有充分发挥自身的听觉优势，才能开创就业新路。     

醚类汽油添加剂与L-02正常人肝细胞、人血红蛋白的体外作用研究

研究了新型无铅汽油添加剂甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）、甲基叔戊基醚（TMAE）对正常人肝细胞系L－02的毒性作用，在较高浓度下，MTBE、TAME均对L－02正常人肝细胞的生长有影响，且TAME的毒性作用稍强，另外，用FT－IR法和^1H-NMR法研究了MTBE、TAME与人血红蛋白的体外作用，结果显示，MTBE、TAME与人血红蛋白无明显的直接作用。     

我国生态与发展问题及对策浅析

本文侧重阐述自然原因和人为原因造成我国的生态环境问题,由此产生的巨大压力和持续发展的持久影响。必须开展一场增强全民的环保意识和忧患意识教育,同时采取相应的措施。