Randomization helps to perform independent tasks reliably

This paper is about algorithms that schedule tasks to be performed in a distributed failure‐prone environment, when processors communicate by message‐passing, and when tasks are independent and of unit length. The processors work under synchrony and may fail by crashing. Failure patterns are imposed by adversaries. Linearly‐bounded adversaries may fail up to a constant fraction of the processors. Weakly‐adaptive adversaries have to select, prior to the start of an execution, a subset of processors to be failure‐prone, and then may fail only the selected processors, at arbitrary steps, in the course of the execution. Strongly adaptive adversaries have a total number of failures as the only restriction on failure patterns. The measures of complexity are work, measured as the available processor steps, and communication, measured as the number of point‐to‐point messages. A randomized algorithm is developed, that attains both ??(n log*n) expected work and ??(n log*n) expected communication, against weakly‐adaptive linearly‐bounded adversaries, in the case when the numbers of tasks and processors are both equal to n. This is in contrast with performance of algorithms against strongly‐adaptive linearly‐bounded adversaries, which has to be Ω(n log n/log log n) in terms of work. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2004     

浅谈软弱地基的施工技术

用级配砂石垫层换填处理薄层软土地基是一种经济实用的方法。介绍了用级配砂石垫层处理软弱地基的设计方法、施工要点及其质量检测办法。     

SINGLE MACHINE SCHEDULING WITH CONTROLLABLE PROCESSING TIMES AND COMPRESSION COSTS （PART I：EQUAL TIMES AND COSTS）

Most papers in scheduling research have treated individual job processing times as fixed parameters. However, in many practical situations, a manager may control processing time by realloeating resources. In this paper, authors consider a machine scheduling problemwith controllable processing times. In the first part of this paper, a special case where the pro-cessing times and compression costs are uniform among jobs is discussed. Theoretical results are derived that aid in developing an O（n^2) algorithm to slove the problem optimally. In the second part of this paper, authors generalize the discussion to general case, An effective heuristic to the genera/ problem will be presented.     

承台大体积混凝土冬期施工实例分析

以洛阳市兴隆花园153号高层商住楼承台大体积混凝土冬期施工为实例，介绍了承台大体积混凝土冬期施工的技术要求、浇筑方法、保护措施、温度的控制及养护等，为同类工程的施工提供了宝贵经验     

气垫调压室的体型优化计算

以总容积最小为目标,建立了气垫调压室体型优化的数学模型,采用遗传算法求解该模型,从而为合理选择调压室截面积、气室高度、室内水体高度及初始气体压力等基本参数提供了科学依据．给出了计算实例,所得结果与经验估算值相比,工程效益较为显著,设计安全度高．     

脉冲波和阶跃波输入的产品破损边界

以产品包装破损极限理论为基础，以有限上升阶跃波为例，对阶跃波和脉冲波作用下的产品破损边界曲线进行了求解，并对其进行了系统的分析和比较。     

端承长桩下长短桩基础的垫层特性分析

针对长短桩桩筏基础中垫层特性对整个基础的影响,运用三维弹塑性有限元方法进行了数值模拟.分析中,筏板采用弹性薄板理论,土体采用摩尔-库仑弹性-理想塑性模型,桩体采用线弹性模型,桩土之间接触面采用非线性弹簧模拟.以桩数为9×9的长短桩桩筏基础为例,论述摩擦端承长桩条件下长短桩基础设置垫层的必要性,进而分析垫层材料性质和垫层厚度变化对长短桩基础中长桩、短桩的轴力分布,以及筏板、桩与土体沉降的影响.     

圆柱形橡胶垫刚度经验公式的研究

在隔振橡胶垫的初始设计中,应用适当的经验公式计算其刚度以确定产品几何尺寸或物理参数,可以缩短开发周期、提高生产效率。由于配方、工艺等方面的影响,已有公式对具体材料或产品的适用性有待探讨。本文针对圆形截面橡胶悬置胶垫,给出了利用有限元方法和参数识别技术确定压缩刚度经验公式中形状系数的方法与步骤。结合某型发动机悬置,计算得到了不同硬度胶料产品在不同变形量情况下形状系数的经验公式。     

层状土中桩体复合地基荷载沉降关系

在假定桩侧摩阻力与该点位移符合纯弹塑模型的基础上，对层状土中桩体复合地基的工程特性进行了研究，分析了桩和桩间土的变形特点。最后，利用复合地基的变形协调条件，推导了层状土中桩体复合地基的荷载一沉降关系及桩土应力比公式，并结合工程实际对其精度进行了验证，表明荷载一沉降的理论关系式具有满足工程实际要求的精度。     

基于轿车的车车角度碰撞约束系统优化研究

为探究车车角度碰撞下的乘员约束系统参数设计准则,建立了某紧凑型车30°车车角度碰撞有限元模型和MADYMO驾驶区约束系统模型,并对整车模型及约束系统模型进行了验证.对安全带、安全气囊、安全座椅等约束系统各参数进行了灵敏度分析,运用MODEFRONTIER软件对目标车和同伴车约束系统参数进行优化.结果显示,在30°角度碰撞工况中,安全带D环位置及带扣点/锚点位置两个参数对驾驶员头部和胸部损伤影响显著,同时带扣点/锚点位置还对大腿轴向力有着显著的影响,而安全气囊点火时刻、气囊气体质量流率及泄气孔面积、安全带预紧器点火时刻4个参数对目标车和同伴车驾驶员各部位损伤影响都较为显著.优化后,目标车和同伴车WIC值分别减小了33.7%、7.4%,从而使此车型的约束系统在30°角度碰撞中对目标车和同伴车驾驶员的保护效果都达到最好.