二氧化硅胶态晶体的合成

以正硅酸乙酯为原料，采用控制凝聚法制备出173nm和297nm两种不同粒径的单分散二氧化硅微球乳液，并在一定湿度和温度下，利用乳液的单分散性，在表面张力的驱使下完成微球的自组装，从而得到三维有序的二氧化硅胶态晶体。扫描电镜显示：晶体呈面心立方结构，晶体表面至现出鲜艳的颜色，其波长与微球的直径相对应。     

带电胶体系统固液相变的分子动力学研究

在修正Yukawa相互作用的基础上，采用常温分子动力学方法数值研究了带电胶体系统的大离子屏蔽效应和多分散性效应对其固液边界的影响．研究结果发现，在屏蔽长度较大时，固液相变曲线出现了明显偏差．初步定性认为这种相边界偏差现象来自于系统多体效应的增强．另外，数值研究了固液相变时键接取向序参数的变化．     

Transport of Neutrally Buoyant and Dense Variably Sized Colloids in a Two-Dimensional Fracture with Anisotropic Aperture

The transport of monodisperse as well as polydisperse colloid suspensions in a two-dimensional, water saturated fracture with spatially variable and anisotropic aperture is investigated with a particle tracking model. Both neutrally buoyant and dense colloid suspensions are considered. Although flow and transport in fractured subsurface formations have been studied extensively by numerous investigators, the transport of dense, polydisperse colloid suspensions in a fracture with spatially variable and anisotropic aperture has not been previously explored. Simulated snapshots and breakthrough curves of ensemble averages of several realizations of a log-normally distributed aperture field show that polydisperse colloids exhibit greater spreading than monodisperse colloids, and dense colloids show greater retardation than neutrally buoyant colloids. Moreover, it is demonstrated that aperture anisotropy oriented along the flow direction substantially increases colloid spreading; whereas, aperture anisotropy oriented transverse to the flow direction retards colloid movement.     

Deposition of Au/TiO2 film by pulsed laser

Au nanoparticles, which were photoreduced by a Nd:YAG laser in HAuCl₄ solution containing TiO₂ colloid and accompanied by the TiO₂ particles, were deposited on the substrate surface. The film consisting of Au/TiO₂ particles was characterized by the absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The adhesion between the film and substrate was evaluated by using adhesive tape test. It was found that the presence of TiO₂ dramatically enhanced the adhesion strength between the film and the substrate, as well as the deposition rate of film. The mechanism for the deposition of Au/TiO₂ film was also discussed.     

溶胶凝胶法制备三维规则排列大孔TiO2材料

以聚苯乙烯微球 (LatexSphere)离心后形成的三维规则排列的胶晶 (colloidcrystal)作模板 ,用钛酸丁酯、水、乙醇等配制的溶胶填充微球之间的间隙 ,然后原位形成凝胶 ,最后通过焙烧除去微球得到三维规则排列大孔TiO2 材料 (3DOM)。溶胶的浓度一般控制在 0 5～ 1 0md/L之间。焙烧过程的升温速度应控制在 5℃ /min以下。得到的样品表面可观察到五颜六色的彩光。从SEM照片可观察到 ,球形孔大小均匀 ,排列整齐 ,孔壁填充完全。孔径在 5 30nm左右 ,孔的排列呈面心立方结构 ,孔与孔之间由小孔窗相互交连。XRD表明孔壁含有锐钛矿和金红石两种晶型 ,2种晶型质量分数大约各占 5 0 %。     

A bicontinuous structure in some systems with cubic mesophases

A cubic structure of polymer colloid complexes is studied. The technique of the research includes i) an analysis of well-known literature SAXS data; on this basis, ii) constructing a simple model to estimate geometric structure parameters and to obtain a simulated scattering curve; and iii) comparing the model with the real structure obtained from the SAXS data, using the reconstruction of electron density distribution. A bicontinuous structure in cubic mesophases is formed. Dedicated to the memory of Alexander T. Dembo     

Novel platinum-containing initiators for ring-opening polymerizations

A novel class of platinum-based initiating systems for the ring-opening polymerization of a wide variety of heterocyclic compounds including epoxides, oxetanes, and 1,3,5-trioxane have been discovered. In addition to a platinum complex as a catalyst, a cocatalyst, consisting of a compound or polymer containing silicon-hydrogen bonds must also be present. This article reports on a preliminary survey of the scope and limitations of these new initiator systems. Particular emphasis in this article has been placed on the ring-opening polymerization of epoxides which have been studied in some detail and which proceed rapidly and exothermically at room temperature. A number of mechanistic studies have been conducted and the best current evidence suggests that polymerization proceeds by a cationic mechanism. Evidence is also presented which suggests that platinum metal colloids may function as the active initiating species.     

Preparation of Nanoelectrode Ensembles by Assembly of Nano—Silver Colloid on Gold Surface

A novel method for preparing silver nanoelectrode ensembles(SNEEs) and gold nanoelectrode ensembles (GNEEs) has been developed. Silver colloid particles were first absorbed to the gold electrode surface to form a monolayer silver colloid. N-hexadecyl nercaptan was then assembled on the electrode to form a thoil monolayer on which hydrophilic ions cannot be transfered. The SNEEs was prepared by removing thiol from silver colloid surface through applying and AC voltage with increasing frequency at 0.20V(vs.SCE). Finally,GNEEs was obtained by immersing a SNEEs into 6 mol/L HNO3 to remove the silver colloid particles. By comparison with other methods such as template method ect., this method enjoys some advantages of lower resistance, same diameter,easy preparation,controllable size and density.     

A scratch-resistant single-layer antireflective coating by a low temperature sol-gel route

A novel quarterwave-thick narrow-bandwidth antireflective coating has been developed for both plastic and vitreous substrates by a sol-gel route. This coating has revealed pronounced scratch- and climatic-resistance under adverse conditions. The single-layer coating consists basically of a composite material made of silica as the discontinuous phase and of a polytetrafluoroethylene-derived (Teflon¹) organic polymer as the continuous phase. This leads to fluorine-containing colloidal silica product, or a so-called Flucosil coating. The coating is applied by spinning or dipping from specific solutions at room temperature followed by a mild and short heat treatment. In addition to remarkable abrasion and environmental resistance properties, such coatings have displayed excellent laser-induced damage threshold levels, surpassing uncoated substrates.We hope such a product might open new perspectives concerning household articles, architectural optical thin-films, ophthalmic uses, and so on.     

无机胶体法制备Pt/C催化剂及其性能表征

采用无机胶体法制备用于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的Pt/C催化剂。研究了影响PtO₂胶体生成和稳定性的因素(溶液的pH值、浓度和温度条件等)以及不同还原剂浓度对Pt/C催化剂性能的影响。透射电子显微镜测试结果表明，采用经优化的工艺条件所制备的Pt/C催化剂平均粒径为3 nm，且分散性好、粒度均匀。X-射线衍射分析表明，催化剂中Pt(111)晶面的相对含量较高，有利于加速氧还原反应。单体PEMFC的电压/电流密度曲线测试表明，所制备的Pt/C催化剂具有良好的电化学性能。