In Vivo Biological Behavior of Polymer Scaffolds of Natural Origin in the Bone Repair Process

Autologous bone grafts, used mainly in extensive bone loss, are considered the gold standard treatment in regenerative medicine, but still have limitations mainly in relation to the amount of bone available, donor area, morbidity and creation of additional surgical area. This fact encourages tissue engineering in relation to the need to develop new biomaterials, from sources other than the individual himself. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an elastin and collagen matrix on the bone repair process in critical size defects in rat calvaria. The animals (Wistar rats, n = 30) were submitted to a surgical procedure to create the bone defect and were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG, n = 10), defects filled with blood clot; E24/37 Group (E24/37, n = 10), defects filled with bovine elastin matrix hydrolyzed for 24 h at 37 °C and C24/25 Group (C24/25, n = 10), defects filled with porcine collagen matrix hydrolyzed for 24 h at 25 °C. Macroscopic and radiographic analyses demonstrated the absence of inflammatory signs and infection. Microtomographical 2D and 3D images showed centripetal bone growth and restricted margins of the bone defect. Histologically, the images confirmed the pattern of bone deposition at the margins of the remaining bone and without complete closure by bone tissue. In the morphometric analysis, the groups E24/37 and C24/25 (13.68 ± 1.44; 53.20 ± 4.47, respectively) showed statistically significant differences in relation to the CG (5.86 ± 2.87). It was concluded that the matrices used as scaffolds are biocompatible and increase the formation of new bone in a critical size defect, with greater formation in the polymer derived from the intestinal serous layer of porcine origin (C24/25).     

Age related changes in the thermal transition of Turkey leg flexor tendon collagen

A differential scanning calorimetric, thermogravimetric and electron microscopic investigation has been carried out on the uncalcified areas of turkey leg flexor tendon as a function of age. Rehydrated samples exhibit an increase of thermal stability with age. The H_D values drop from about 11 cal·g^–1 in the first weeks of life down to 7 cal·g^–1 after the 11th week.At about 11 weeks, the collagen fibril diameter distribution passes from unimodal to multimodal. The DSC curves as well as the TG-DTG curves recorded from dried samples do not show any appreciable difference with ageing. The variations in thermal behaviour of rehydrated samples and fibril diameter distribution could be related to modifications in water binding with ageing.The Authors are grateful to Dr. G. Fabris for discussion and help in the selection of the samples. They also wish to thank Mr. G. Pizzuto for excellent technical assistance. The financial support by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche is gratefully acknowledged.     

Quantitative measurement of collagen methylation by capillary electrophoresis

Collagen methylation has been exploited in various applications involving living cells. We have observed correlation between the collagen methylation with the rate of cell proliferation in three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironment. To quantify the degree of collagen methylation, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis method. Using a polyvinyl alcohol-coated fused-silica capillary and UV detection at 200 nm, we have optimized pH and separated the native collagen into three major bands in phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) with 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Under these conditions, the methylated collagens were separated into four major bands, which changed with different methylation reaction conditions. We propose an index to quantify the degree of collagen methylation that also correlates with their effects on cell proliferation.     

批量离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析在类人胶原蛋白I纯化中的应用

研究了利用批量离子交换层析与凝胶过滤层析相结合的方法纯化类人胶原蛋白I的最佳条件。分别考察了不同离子交换树脂、缓冲溶液pH、离子强度、进料蛋白浓度对批量离子交换的影响,以及不同凝胶过滤介质对凝胶过滤层析的影响。结果表明,采用阴离子交换树脂DEAE52吸附杂蛋白,缓冲液pH为7.0,NaCl浓度为0.2mol/L,进料蛋白浓度为40mg/mL,并采用凝胶过滤介质SephadexG-100进一步纯化后,类人胶原蛋白I的纯度可达到98.2%,总纯化倍数为3.1,总回收率为80.6%。SDS-PAGE分子量分析和N末端氨基酸序列分析均表明纯化后的类人胶原蛋白I与基因设计一致。     

Cross-linking epoxide resins with hydrolysates of chrome-tanned leather waste

Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to investigate the reaction of diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (DGEBA) of mean molecular mass 348–480 Da, with collagen hydrolysate of chrome-tanned leather waste in a solvent-free environment. The reaction leads to biodegradable polymers that might facilitate recycling of plastic parts in products of the automotive and/or aeronautics industry provided with protective films on this basis. The reaction proceeds in a temperature interval of 205–220°C, at temperatures approx. 30–40°C below temperature of thermal degradation of collagen hydrolysate. The found value of reaction enthalpy, 519.19 J g⁻¹ (= 101.24 kJ mol⁻¹ of epoxide groups) corresponds with currently found enthalpy values of the reaction of oxirane ring with amino groups. Reaction heat depends on the composition of reaction mixture (or on mass fraction of diglycidyl ethers in the reaction mixture); proving the dependence of kinetic parameters of the reaction (Arrhenius pre-exponential factor A (min⁻¹) and activation energy E _a (kJ mol⁻¹)) did not succeed. Obtained values of kinetic parameters are on a level corresponding to the assumption that reaction kinetics is determined by diffusion.     

对混炼型聚氨酯弹性体生胶可塑度影响因素的探讨

详细论述了混炼型聚氨酯弹性体(MPU)的加工过程和特性，通过实验指出了生胶可塑度与MPU的加工过程和质量有密切的关系，影响可塑度的因素有生胶中硬链段的含量、聚酯二醇的结构和生胶的分子量。     

基于Fenton反应的羟基自由基对胶原蛋白的氧化降解作用

研究了Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基对Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的降解作用。单独的过氧化氢(H2O2),Fe2+以及超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)均对胶原蛋白无降解作用。但是,在经过氧化氢和Fe2+构成的Fenton反应产生羟基自由基后,胶原蛋白发生了降解。胶原蛋白的降解作用随着羟基自由基的增加(H2O2+Fe2+浓度增加)而加强。但羟基自由基的生成是瞬间完成的,其对胶原蛋白的降解作用随着H2O2和Fe2+反应时间的延长而降低。     

类人胶原蛋白基因工程菌高密度发酵过程控制

目的优化基因工程菌Escherichia coli BL 21生产人源型胶原蛋白的高密度发酵工艺。方法建立一套以溶解氧浓度和比生长速率为中心的控制策略,采用溶氧反馈或pH反馈调节补料速度。结果 OD600可达150,胶原蛋白的表达量为9g／L。结论 20％-30％饱和度的溶解氧和0．1- 0．2 h-1的比生长速率有利于细胞生长和产物表达,其与降低乙酸等有害代谢副产物的积累密切相关。     

不同干燥方法对鲍鱼营养成分的影响

为研究不同干燥方式对鲍鱼中营养成分的影响,采用自然晾晒、热风干燥和微波真空干燥的方式,研究干制鲍鱼中多糖、总糖、胶原蛋白以及氨基酸含量的变化情况。结果表明,自然晾晒的鲍鱼中多糖和总糖含量显著高于热风干燥及微波真空干燥,而胶原蛋白及氨基酸含量则显著低于其余2种干燥方法。其中胶原蛋白含量以微波真空干燥的方式最佳,但同热风干燥间相差不大;氨基酸含量以热风干燥方式最佳。综合整体实验结果,热风干燥及微波真空干燥优于自然晾晒,且有利于工业化生产加工。     

胶原蛋白茶饮料的研制

以胶原蛋白多肽、白砂糖、柠檬酸为原料,进行了胶原蛋白茶饮料配方和条件优化的研究。结果表明：胶原蛋白饮料的原料配方为胶原蛋白3%,柠檬酸0.4%,白砂糖6%,稳定剂阿拉伯胶0.2%;且均质压力为20 MPa,杀菌温度为80℃,杀菌时间20 min,可获得较为优质的产品。