Rocky coast processes: with special reference to the recession of soft rock cliffs

Substantial progress in research on the recession of coastal cliffs composed of soft materials has been made in recent years and data with higher accuracy have been accumulated. This paper provides the state of the art review in the recession studies and highlights two new findings obtained from the reanalysis of existing data. The review topics are: episodic and localized nature of cliff recession; the development of cliffline; the relationship between cliff height and recession rate; mechanisms of cliff toe erosion by waves; a fundamental equation for wave-induced toe erosion; factors controlling toe erosion; and slope instabilities and mass movements. The findings are presented on (1) the temporal change in cliffline recession mode and (2) the effect of beach sediment at the cliff base on the cliff erosion.     

搞好公路路政管理工作的新举措

论述了公路路政管理工作的重要性，并提出了加强综合治理，发动群众参与，教育与处罚相结合及提高路政人员素质等若干项搞好公路路政管理工作的具体措施。     

基于模糊控制的公路隧道通风控制系统

提出了一种新型的基于模糊控制的公路隧道通风控制系统,将CO浓度值和烟雾浓度值作为系统输入,风机数值作为系统输出。仿真结果显示,这种模糊通风控制系统用在隧道通风控制系统中可以缓解传统的分级式控制的风机频繁启停的问题。     

浅谈如何加强收费监控系统管理

结合太旧高速公路收费工作实际，对收费监控系统的功能进行了分析并提出改进建议。     

论公路建设项目中的成本管理

探讨了公路建设项目成本管理中遇到的问题,分析了产生这些问题的原因,提出了相应的措施,总结了项目管理的经验。     

Solution of the hyperbolic mild‐slope equation using the finite volume method

A finite volume solver for the 2D depth‐integrated harmonic hyperbolic formulation of the mild‐slope equation for wave propagation is presented and discussed. The solver is implemented on unstructured triangular meshes and the solution methodology is based upon a Godunov‐type second‐order finite volume scheme, whereby the numerical fluxes are computed using Roe's flux function. The eigensystem of the mild‐slope equations is derived and used for the construction of Roe's matrix. A formulation that updates the unknown variables in time implicitly is presented, which produces a more accurate and reliable scheme than hitherto available. Boundary conditions for different types of boundaries are also derived. The agreement of the computed results with analytical results for a range of wave propagation/transformation problems is very good, and the model is found to be virtually paraxiality‐free. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vehicle density and velocity estimation on highways for on-ramp metering control

A scheme for vehicle density and velocity estimation in a stretch of highway based on a modified cell transmission model [C. F. Daganzo, Transportation Research, Part B, 28B(4),269–287, 1994. Elsevier is presented. The scheme is intended for use with on-ramp metering control algorithms, providing local knowledge of densities and velocities that is helpful to improve on-ramp metering control performance. Estimation of density is obtained by nonlinear estimators, while velocity estimation is obtained by gradient algorithms. There is one density–velocity estimator for free traffic flow and other for congested traffic flow. Both estimator schemes work in parallel. The final estimation of density and velocity results from a convex combination of the predictions of the two estimators. This combination depends on occupancy or density measurements at the boundaries of the stretch and is produced by a fuzzy inference system. Stability and convergence of the density and velocity estimation scheme is proved by Lyapunov based techniques. Simulation results comparing measured and estimated traffic data are presented. They confirm good performance of the estimators. Research sponsored by grants UNAM PAPIIT IN110403 and CONACYT 47583.     

Coastal wetland in South China： Degradation trends, causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands＇ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

高速公路不停车收费系统的设计

介绍了高速公路不停车收费系统方案,阐述了该系统的结构、组成、模块功能以及它们的相互关系,并探讨了该系统设计的基本原则。     

对青海省高等级公路水资源利用技术的思考

青海省自然环境条件恶劣，公路绿化建设难度大，突出表现在降雨量少且集中、蒸发量大、不同地区分布不均等特点，路侧植物存活与生长困难，建设成效不理想．在降雨量小时起不到补充水分的作用，大雨暴雨时雨水白白流走，并对公路边坡稳定构成威胁．在这样的条件制约下．本研究提出在保护沿线生态环境的前提下，将雨水有效地收集起来，用于公路的植被恢复，既保护了水资源，同时也减少了水害对公路的影响．