激光辐射鸡种蛋的生物物理学研究

不同剂量的Ｈｅ—Ｎｅ激光辐射孵前种蛋胚区，对种蛋孵化、幼雏存活和生长发育等方面，可产生不同的影响．试验结果表明，激光辐射剂量低于或等于１２７４ｍｗ／ｃｍ２×１’处理时，可降低死胚率，提高孵化率，促进幼雏生长发育，增强抗病能力；高于此剂量处理时，则产生不良的生物学效应．作者从生物物理学观点，提出了激光使鸡胚激活到较佳发育态的理论，对试验结果进行了合理的理论解释．     

分散固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋和鸡肉中金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺残留

建立了鸡蛋和鸡肉中金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺残留量的分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。鸡蛋和鸡肉样品经氨水-乙腈(2 : 98, v/v)提取后,提取液经氮气吹干至1 mL后,利用C18和NH₂填料进行分散固相萃取净化,过滤膜后分析。采用ZORBAX C18色谱柱分离,用1 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%(v/v)甲酸)-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正离子多反应监测模式。结果表明,金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺在0.15~10.0 μ g/L范围内具有较好的线性关系,鸡蛋和鸡肉中的检出限均为0.05 μ g/kg,定量限均为0.20 μ g/kg。当2种药物在鸡蛋和鸡肉中的加标水平为0.2、1.0和2.0 μ g/kg时,平均回收率范围为89%~108%,相对标准偏差范围为5.0%~8.6%。该方法能够满足鸡蛋和鸡肉中金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺残留量分析的要求。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎的病理形态学观察

:剖检 2 0只鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病的病死鸡 ,分别取气管、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和肠管等器官 ,采用石蜡包埋切片法 ,H E染色法 ,在显微镜下进行了病理组织学观察。结果显示 :实质器官为渗出性炎症 ;上皮细胞肿胀、变性、坏死和血液循环障碍     

鸡腹腔注射盐酸普萘洛尔急性毒性试验

将40日龄健康艾维因肉仔鸡25只随机分成5组,按a=4 mg/kg,r=1.5,分别腹腔注射4.0,6.0,9.0,13.5,20.25mg/kg的盐酸普萘洛尔,进行急性毒性试验.结果5个试验组肉仔鸡死亡率分别为0,0.2,0.4,0.8和1.0.经过数据处理,LD50为9.396,标准误为0.058 9,95%可信限为9.334～9.450 mg/kg.     

家鸡血清淀粉酶多态性及其在育种中的应用

综述了家鸡血清淀粉酶多态位点及遗传方式、基因型分布特征；并论述了淀粉酶多态性在家鸡育种中的应用进展：作为家鸡品质特性的遗传标记、早期选育的遗传指标以及标记辅助选择。     

苯二氮■化合物等对雌性狼山鸡生产性能的影响

本试验研究苯二氮化合物－Ｆ８９以及β－受体激动剂ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ（ＣＬ）对雌性狼山鸡生产性能的影响。２ｐｐｍＦ８９和２ｐｐｍＦ８９＋１ｐｐｍＣＬ添加在６５－１１５日龄雌性狼山鸡日粮中，能分别提高摄食量１１．３９％和７．５８％，提高增重２０．４６％（ｐ＜０．０１）和１５．３３％（ｐ＜０．０５）；降低料重比７．５２％和６．７１％。屠宰测定表明：日粮中添加２ｐｐｍＦ８９对狼山鸡胴体组成没有影响．而添加２ｐｐｍＦ８９＋１ｐｐｍｃＬ却提高了鸡的胸肌率１１．２８％（ｐ＜０．０１）、腿肌率６．７７％（ｐ＜０．０５），从而改善动物胴体组成，提高瘦肉率。添喂含２ｐｐｍＦ８９的日粮后，狼山鸡血糖浓度显著下降，β－脂蛋白含量显著上升。表明Ｆ８９影响鸡的糖代谢脂代谢活动。     

蛋鸡及其正反杂交组合卵巢组织的基因差异显示研究

在杂交试验中发现：白莱航蛋鸡（AA）与农大褐蛋鸡（DD）的正交组合（AD）和反交组合（DA）鸡群在产蛋数上存在着明显的杂种优势.为了探明产蛋数杂种优势的遗传机理，研究了4个组合鸡群在产蛋高峰期（32周龄）卵巢组织的基因差异显示.结果表明，24种引物组合在4个试验鸡群的RNA池中共显示出726条稳定的cDNA条带，其中112（15.43%）条为差异带.在杂种与纯种间共发现7类基因差异表达模式，其中量的差异有2类：Ⅰ杂种超强（T1++1，T1+11，T11+1）表达17条（15.17%）；Ⅱ杂种减弱（T1 1，T1 11，T11 1）表达15条（13.39%）；质的差异表达模式有5类：Ⅲ杂种沉默型（T1001、T1011、T1101）9条（8.04%）；Ⅳ杂种特异型（T0110、T0100、T0010）7条（6.25%）；Ⅴ杂种与单亲一致（T1110、T0111、T1100、T1010、T0101、T0011）型58条（51.78%）；Ⅵ共显性（T+11 、T 11+）6条（5.36%）；Ⅶ杂种与双亲一致型（T1111）614条（84.57%）.试验结果表明4个组合鸡群在产蛋高峰期的卵巢组织中存在着明显的基因表达差异.     

凉山岩鹰鸡三周龄脱温配套技术

凉山岩鹰鸡三周龄脱温配套技术是凉山岩鹰鸡生态养殖中的重要环节。本文从脱温室的修建、雏鸡运输和防疫、饮水和开食、合理的密度、养殖环境的调控等方面对岩鹰鸡脱温鸡苗生产技术进行了总结。     

Assessment of Immune Response and Efficacy of Essential Oils Application on Controlling Necrotic Enteritis Induced by Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is one of the most important enteric diseases in poultry. The antibacterial activity of two different essential oil (EO) blends against C. perfringens was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the immunological response to EO treatment was assessed. In the in vitro study, the antibacterial activity of EO formulas and commonly used antibiotics was evaluated against C. perfringens using disk diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. In the in vivo study, NE experimental infection was performed on 440 Ross broiler chicks at 19 days of age for 4 continuous days. The chicks were treated with either EOs or amoxicillin at 22 days of age for 5 continuous days. One day after the end of treatment, the birds’ performance was evaluated by calculating the feed conversion ratio. Serum samples from 120 birds were collected to measure the levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17. After that, all birds were slaughtered, and their small intestines were subjected to gross and histopathological evaluation. In addition, bacterial counts in the small intestines were evaluated. In the in vitro study, EOs showed higher antimicrobial activities in comparison with antibiotics against C. perfringens. In the in vivo study, birds treated with EOs showed a significant decrease in bacterial counts, a significant decrease in intestinal lesions, and a significant improvement in performance compared with untreated birds (p < 0.05). Moreover, treating birds with EOs directed the immune system toward an anti-inflammatory pathway. None of the treated birds died due to NE compared with the 10% mortality rate in untreated birds. In conclusion, EOs might be an effective and safe alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of chicken NE.