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1.
Hydrodynamic cavitation experiments in microfluidic systems have been performed with an aqueous solution of luminol as the working fluid. In order to identify where and how much reactive radical species are formed by the violent bubble collapse, the resulting chemiluminescent oxidation reaction of luminol was scrutinized downstream of a constriction in the microchannel. An original method was developed in order to map the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted from the micro-flow, allowing us to localize the region where radicals are produced. Time averaged void fraction measurements performed by laser induced fluorescence experiments were also used to determine the cavitation cloud position. The combination void fraction and chemiluminescence two-dimensional mapping demonstrated that the maximum chemiluminescent intensity area was found just downstream of the cavitation clouds. Furthermore, the radical yield can be obtained with our single photon counting technique. The maximum radical production rates of 1.2*107 OH/s and radical production per processed liquid volume of 2.15*1010 HO/l were observed. The proposed technique allows for two-dimensional characterisation of radical production in the microfluidic flow and could be a quick, non-intrusive way to optimise hydrodynamic cavitation reactor design and operating parameters, leading to enhancements in wastewater treatments and other process intensifications. 相似文献
2.
Chen Xiaoyang 《中国科学G辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z1)
The occurrence of time-dependent cavitation and tensile stress in an oscillatory oil squeeze film were investigated experimentally. The test apparatus was a simple thrust bearing consisting of two parallel circular plates separated by a thin viscous oil film. During the test, one plate was at rest while the other (transparent) oscillated in a direction normal to its surface. This test configuration was chosen to avoid the rotational motion and complicated geometry of a squeeze film journal bearing. The frequency of oscillation was in the range of 5 to 50 Hz and was controlled by an electro-magnetic exciter. The process of cavity formation and its subsequent development was recorded by a high-speed video camera. Concomitant pressure in the oil film was measured both within and without the cavitation region. It was found that both tensile stress and cavities existed in a squeeze film under certain working conditions. 相似文献
3.
在超声快速制取组织细胞病理切片的过程中,发现激励信号对切片制取效果有明显的影响.为了掌握超声激励信号对组织细胞的影响规律,达到快速制取病理切片的最佳状态,从气泡空化模型入手,通过改变激励信号频率、声压、气泡初始半径和液体黏滞系数等参量,研究了声孔效应中气泡动力学激励机制.数值计算表明:空化泡振动随激励声压增强而升高,随液体黏滞系数增强而减弱;一定频率范围内空化泡振动能保持在膨胀、收缩和振荡的稳定空化状态,存在空化泡稳态振动的最佳激励频率;一定初始半径能保证空化泡产生稳定的振动,存在空化泡稳态振动幅度最大的初始半径.实际操作中,在频率、声压、初始半径和黏滞系数综合作用的若干空化阈内,声孔效应使超声快速法制取细胞组织切片获得最佳效果.
关键词:
声孔效应
超声空化
气泡振动
稳态空化域 相似文献
4.
The interfacial dynamics‐based cavitation model, developed in Part‐1, is further employed for unsteady flow computations. The pressure‐based operator‐splitting algorithm (PISO) is extended to handle the time‐dependent cavitating flows with particular focus on the coupling of the cavitation and turbulence models, and the large density ratio associated with cavitation. Furthermore, the compressibility effect is important for unsteady cavitating flows because in a water–vapour mixture, depending on the composition, the speed of sound inside the cavity can vary by an order of magnitude. The implications of the issue of the speed of the sound are assessed with alternative modelling approaches. Depending on the geometric confinement of the nozzle, compressibility model and cavitation numbers, either auto‐oscillation or quasi‐steady behaviour is observed. The adverse pressure gradient in the closure region is stronger at the maximum cavity size. One can also observe that the mass transfer process contributes to the cavitation dynamics. Compared to the steady flow computations, the velocity and vapour volume fraction distributions within the cavity are noticeably improved with time‐dependent computations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
基于界面跟踪方法的汽蚀模型和算法的有效性验证 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对两相附着汽蚀流动机理,基于界面跟踪方法发展了新的汽蚀模型和算法。所发展的汽蚀模型和算法不仅考虑了液相/气相界面处的压力差,而且考虑了耦合Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes方程求解技术得到的流场压力梯度信息来迭代计算附着汽蚀形状。采用具有试验数据的半球形头部圆柱体汽蚀绕流作为算例来验证所提出的汽蚀模型和算法的有效性。采用不同的网格数和松弛因子数值验证了发展的汽蚀模型和算法的有效性。三种汽蚀数下的数值计算结果得到的压力系数分布与试验数据完全吻合。结果表明所提出的汽蚀模型和算法能够准确模拟出汽蚀发生点和汽蚀长度。 相似文献
6.
In the degassing process of transformer oil with ultrasonic waves ,decompostition of the oil was observed.Light hydrocarbons,including methane,ethane,ethylene ,aceylene,propane etc,were found to be released continuously from the oil into headspace within a closed vial placed in an ultrasonic field ,The gases came from decomposition of hydrocarbon molecules under cavitation effect. 相似文献
7.
8.
旋转水流消能及其空化特性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了高水头(H〉200m)泄水建筑物隧洞内部消能的一种新型消能工,将竖井与隧洞切向连接,在隧洞内形式螺旋形的旋转水流,这种水流结构可消散水流中大部分能量,使流向下游的水流剩余能量较小,减轻下游的消能负担和减少下游冲刷。这种消能工的最基本的水流形态环流,在其固体边壁存在着较大的离心力,其中心为大气压,整个水流不会出现负压,流速迅速降低,空化特性较好,不会产生空化与空蚀。还分析了旋转水流的消能机理、 相似文献
9.
空化水射流研究现状及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了高压水射流技术发展及应用过程,认为空化水射流是一种富有发展前途的高效新型射流.通过对空化水射流机理、空化数和冲击压力两个重要空化参数的分析,显示了空化射流的潜在优势.实验表明人工淹没空化射流具有较强的冲蚀效果,并克服了靶距范围的不足.简要介绍了该技术应用于火箭发动机内脏固体推进剂清洗工程的射流系统设计. 相似文献
10.
初生空化数的计算模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从“气核惯性失稳导致空化”这一观点出发,提出了应用于数值模拟的初生空化判别标准及其数学模型,采用Monte-Carlo方法模拟空化现象中的各种随机因素,在可靠度的意义下将气核空化初生与流场空化初生联系起来.以黄河小浪底工程消能泄洪洞为例,对三级串联孔板的初生空化数作了计算. 相似文献