绕水翼空化流场旋涡特性分析

为了深入了解绕水翼空化流动机理,利用数字式粒子图像测速(DPIV)系统,并辅以高速摄像机,对绕水翼流动进行了观测. 观测结果表明: 空化的发展对整个流场的涡量变化起决定作用. 无论在空化还是无空化流场中,涡量主要集中在自水翼前后缘开始的剪切层所在区域,并形成涡带,且上下涡旋向相反;随着空化数的降低,空化区域的流场混合得更为均匀,从而使涡量的峰值逐渐减小;上下涡带逐渐靠拢,并向后延伸、拉直,同时下涡带的起始位置向后推移.     

Surrogate-based modeling and dimension reduction techniques for multi-scale mechanics problems

Successful modeling and/or design of engineering systems often requires one to address the impact of multiple "design variables" on the prescribed outcome.There are often multiple,competing objectives based on which we assess the outcome of optimization.Since accurate,high fidelity models are typically time consuming and computationally expensive,comprehensive evaluations can be conducted only if an efficient framework is available.Furthermore,informed decisions of the model/hardware’s overall performance rely on an adequate understanding of the global,not local,sensitivity of the individual design variables on the objectives.The surrogate-based approach,which involves approximating the objectives as continuous functions of design variables from limited data,offers a rational framework to reduce the number of important input variables,i.e.,the dimension of a design or modeling space.In this paper,we review the fundamental issues that arise in surrogate-based analysis and optimization,highlighting concepts,methods,techniques,as well as modeling implications for mechanics problems.To aid the discussions of the issues involved,we summarize recent efforts in investigating cryogenic cavitating flows,active flow control based on dielectric barrier discharge concepts,and lithium(Li)-ion batteries.It is also stressed that many multi-scale mechanics problems can naturally benefit from the surrogate approach for "scale bridging."     

轴对称空泡流的脉动性态研究

本文采用高速摄影技术对定常来流中１／４平头轴对称体的不稳定的空泡形态特征进行了水洞试验研究。试验结果揭示了由于空泡形态断裂而产生的低频脉动现象，这一现象在跨空泡流情况下尤为明显，常使空泡长度和厚度在大幅范围内拟周期地变动，其频率特性比较稳定，有别于空泡末端局部泡团脱落而产生的脉动。     

Local flows of a deformable damageable medium under impact interaction with a cavitating fluid

Local viscoplastic-flow and damage processes in a deformable medium induced by the collapse of dispersed vapor-gas bubbles in the near-wall layer of a cavitating fluid in the presence of propagating shock waves are investigated. The study is based on a generalized model developed for describing nonlinear deformations and flow of damageable media and on the results obtained earlier for local fluid flows induced by limiting transitions of vapor-gas bubbles.     

两种空化模型计算二维水翼空化流动研究

采用混合多相流模型和空化模型对攻角为6.5°的NACA66型二维水翼的空化流动进行数值研究.使用Singhal全空化模型(FCM)和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri(Z-G-B)空化模型,以实验数据为基准,对这两种空化模型得到的翼型表面压力分布系数和升、阻力系数以及流场结构进行了比较和分析,结果表明:FCM中,不凝结气体质量分数对计算结果影响较大,空化区长度随着不凝结气体质量分数的减小而变小;Z-G-B空化模型中,蒸发系数和凝结系数对结果有较大影响.总体说来,通过选取合理的经验系数,两种空化模型都给出了令人满意的空化流动结果.     

空化水射流的化学效应

在综述超声空化的有关研究成果的基础上,分析空化水射流中的微空泡溃灭时瞬时局部高温、高压产生的特殊的物理环境引发的复杂的化学效应:直接热分解、自由基的氧化和超临界水氧化;划分了空泡溃灭时化学反应区域;分析了空化水射流化学效应的影响因素.     

空化可压缩流动空穴溃灭激波特性研究

为深入研究空化可压缩流动中空泡/空泡团溃灭过程中激波产生、传播及其与空穴相互作用规律,本文采用数值模拟方法对空化可压缩流动空穴溃灭激波特性展开了研究.数值计算基于OpenFOAM开源程序,综合考虑蒸汽相和液相的压缩性,通过在原无相变两相可压缩求解器的控制方程中耦合模拟空化汽液相间质量交换的源项,实现了对空化流动的非定常可压缩计算.利用上述考虑汽/液相可压缩性的空化流动求解器,对周期性云状空化流动进行了数值模拟,并重点研究了空穴溃灭激波特性.结果表明:上述数值计算方法可以准确捕捉到空穴非定常演化过程及大尺度脱落空泡云团溃灭激波现象,大尺度脱落空泡云团溃灭过程分为3个阶段:(1) U型空泡团形成; (2) U型空泡团头部溃灭; (3) U型空泡团腿部溃灭.在U 型空泡团腿部溃灭瞬间,观察到激波产生,并向上游和下游传播,向上游传播的激波与空穴相互作用,导致水翼吸力面新生的附着型片状空穴回缩,直至完全溃灭.并且空穴溃灭激波存在回弹现象, 抑制了下一周期的空化发展.      

A modified PANS model for computations of unsteady turbulence cavitating flows

A modification to the PANS (partially averaged Navier-Stokes) model is proposed to simulate unsteady cavitating flows. In the model, the parameter f _k is modified to vary as a function of the ratios between the water density and the mixture density in the local flows. The objective of this study is to validate the modified model and further understand the interaction between turbulence and cavitation around a Clark-Y hydrofoil. The comparisons between the numerical and experiment results show that the modified model can be improved to predict the cavity evolution, vortex shedding frequency and the lift force fluctuating in time fairly well, as it can effectively modulate the eddy viscosity in the cavitating region and various levels of physical turbulent fluctuations are resolved. In addition, from the computational results, it is proved that cavitation phenomenon physically influences the turbulent level, especially by the vortex shedding behaviors. Also, the mean u-velocity profiles demonstrate that the attached cavity thickness can alter the local turbulent shear layer.     

Numerical modelling of cavities on axisymmetric bodies at zero and non-zero angle of attack

The flow about submerged, fully cavitating axisymmetric bodies at both zero and non-zero angle of attack is considered in this paper. A cavity closure model that relates the point of detachment, the angle that the separating streamline makes with the body and the cavity length is described. The direct boundary element method is used to solve the potential flow problem and to determine the cavity shape. A momentum integral boundary layer solver is included in the formulation so that shear stresses can be incorporated into the drag calculations. The numerical predictions based on the proposed closure model are compared with water tunnel measurements and photographs.     

超声降解生活污水中有害物质的实验方法

研究了不同空化状态下超声作用下对厦门湖水、污染处理厂污水、啤酒废水及不同浓度的洗涤水中有害物质的降解作用,从而探讨超声作用温度、时间、功率及PH值变化对废水中有害物质降解的影响,发现一些超声作用与有害物质之间的基本关系：超声作用对生活污水中洗涤剂和氨氮有明显的解作用,并且其作用受pH影响较大,降解程度随超声作用的功率,作用时间的增加而增加,随温度的提高先增高后降低,随起始pH值降低而增高,对声作用降解有害物质的初步搜索结果,为进一步研究、开发新的降解途径作了必要的铺垫。