A Novel Cardiac Glycoside from Parepigynum funingesis

From the dried aerial part ofParepigynumfuningesis Tsiang et P. T. Li (Apocynaceae),a new cardiac glucoside, named parefuningoside (1) had been isolated. Its structure was determined by means of hydrolysis and spectral analysis.     

改良低温麻醉阻断循环对肺超微结构影响的实验研究

本组用本地健康杂种犬10只,以改良低温麻醉体表降温方法将食道温度降至24～26℃时,然后阻断循环无体外循环下进行心内直视手术。术中分别在阻断前:阻断后及复苏后取肺组织进行光镜、电镜检查。实验结果表明,阻断时间在60分钟内,心脏跳停80分钟内无明显超微结构变化。而阻断时间65～85分钟,心脏跳停90～115分钟,肺组织的某些超微结构变化是可以复原的,这就为不用体外循环的肺脏手术安全时限提供了初步的理论依据。     

上皮生长因子预防心脏术后心包粘连的实验及临床研究

目的探讨上皮生长因子(EGF)对心脏术后心包粘连的预防作用.方法术中对犬心包内喷洒上皮生长因子3个月后,观察心包粘连情况;选先天性心脏病、房缺及室缺病人40例,术中心包内喷洒上皮生长因子,术后6个月、12个月经CT检查,判定心包粘连、增厚结果.结果在动物实验和临床研究中,实验组粘连程度显著低于对照组(P<0.01).结论 EGF心包内应用有明显预防心脏术后心包粘连的作用.     

心肌动作电位对心脏节律的影响

采用数值方法分析心肌动作电位对心脏节律的影响。心肌动作电位用Noble模型来描述，心脏节律用Bernardo-Signorint模型来模拟。数值分析结果表明，心肌动作电位形成的靶环波和螺旋波对心脏节律影响较大。当心肌动作电位表现为噪声时，心脏节律可完全破坏。     

Internal flexibility of cardiac myosins

Conventional and saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR and ST EPR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the motional dynamics and segmental flexibility of cardiac myosins.Cardiac myosins isolated from bovine and human heart muscle were spin-labelled with isothiocyanate- or maleimide-based probe molecules at the reactive sulfhydryl sites (Cys-697 and Cys-707) of the motor domain. The maleimide probe molecules attached to human cardiac myosin rotated with an effective rotational correlation time of 33 ns which was at least eight times shorter than the rotational correlation time of the same label on skeletal myosin (260 ns). In the presence of MgADP and MgADP plus orthovanadate, flexibility changes in the multisubunit structure of myosins were detected, but this did not lead to changes of the overall rotational property of the myosin heads. Significant difference in the internal flexibility was detected on myosin samples isolated from ischemic tissue, the rotational correlation time decreased to 25 ns.DSC measurements supported the view that addition of nucleotides produced additional loosening in the multisubunit structure of cardiac myosin. It is postulated that there is an intersite communication between the nucleotide binding domain and the 20 kDa subunit where the reactive thiol sites are located.This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation (OTKA T 017099) and Ministry of Social Welfare (ETT 737/1993). The Bruker ESP 300 E spectrometer and the SETARAM Micro DSC-II used in the experiments were purchased with funds provided by the National Research Foundation Grants CO-123 and CO-272. The computer (PC-386) was supported by POPEX Ltd., Pécs, Hungary. The authors thank to Prof. Dr. K. Hideg (Central Research Laboratory) for providing the iodoacetamide spin label.     

Nucleotide/Protein Interaction: Energetic and Structural Features of Na,K-ATPase

Microcalorimetric titrations allow to recognize and investigate high-affinity ligand binding to Na,K-ATPase. Titrations with the cardiac glycoside Ouabain, which acts as a specific inhibitor of the enzyme, have provided not only the thermodynamic parameters of high-affinity binding with a stoichiometric coefficient of about 0.6 but also evidence for low-affinity binding to the lipid. The marked enthalpic contribution of -95 kJ mol^-1 at 298.2 K is partially compensated by a large negative entropy change, attributed to an increased interaction between water and the protein. The calorimetric ADP and ATP titrations at 298.2 K are indicative of high-affinity nucleotide binding either in 3 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl₂ or at high ionic strength such as 120 mM choline chloride. However, no binding is detected in the buffer solution alone at low ionic strength. The affinities for ADP and ATP are similar, around 10⁶ M^-1 and the stoichiometric coefficients are close to that of Ouabain binding. The exothermic binding of ADP is characterized by a ΔH and ΔS value of -65 kJ mol^-1 and -100 J mol^-1 K^-1, respectively. TheΔH value for ATP binding is larger than for ADP and is compensated by a larger, unfavorable ΔS value. This leads to an enthalpy/entropy compensation, which could express that H-bond formation represents the major type of interaction. As for Ouabain, the negative ΔS values that are also characteristic of nucleotide binding can indicate an increase of solvate interaction with the protein due to a conformational transition occurring subsequent to the binding process. The resulting binding constants are discussed with regard to the results of other studies employing different techniques. A molecular interaction model for nucleotide binding is suggested. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermodynamic characterization of different actin isoforms

Summary The thermodynamic properties of the cardiac and skeletal a-actin isoforms were studied to characterize the molecular bases of the functional differences between them with the method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal properties of the actin filaments were described in the presence of calcium and magnesium ions as well. Based on the calculated free energy changes the α-cardiac actin filaments appeared to be more stable in its physiologically more relevant, magnesium saturated form. The magnesium saturated form of the α-cardiac actin filaments seemed to be more stable compared to the calcium saturated form of it. The enthalpy and entropy changes could differentiate between the α-cardiac and α-skeletal actin isoforms and between the calcium and magnesium saturated cardiac actin isoforms as well. Our results can demonstrate that the few differences between the amino acid sequences of the α-actin isoforms have an influence on the thermal properties and maybe on the function of these proteins as well.     

X65管线钢焊接接头抗开裂性能及止裂性能

为了研究X65管线钢焊接接头的抗开裂性能和母材的止裂性能，对接头的金相组织进行了观察，并且进行了接头各区域裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)试验和母材的落锤撕裂试验(DWTT)。试验结果表明：X65钢焊接接头焊缝和母材相比，组织粗大且不均匀，其冲击韧度和断裂韧度值均明显低于母材；X65钢管材对应剪切面积为40％的温度约为 -35℃，X65钢母材的抗开裂性能明显优于焊缝，且具有良好的止裂性能。     

类泛素化修饰Neddylation在心脏生物学中的作用

Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 8(NEDD8)是类泛素蛋白家族的一员,其结构与泛素相似,通过E1激活酶、E2结合酶和E3连接酶等酶促级联反应对蛋白进行翻译后修饰,这一过程即为neddylation。Neddylation异常已被证实与癌症、神经退行性疾病和先天性心脏病等多种疾病密切相关。近年来,neddylation和deneddylation(底物上的NEDD8在deneddylation酶的作用下被去除,称为deneddylation)在心血管系统中的作用备受关注,本文将主要阐述neddylation的生物学过程及其在心脏生物学中的作用。     

基于COLLATE融合多图谱的心脏电影MRI右心室分割

右心室分割对肺动脉高压等疾病的心功能分析具有重要的临床意义.然而，右心室心肌薄、易变且不规则，其传统的医学图像分割方法仍然未能取得突破性进展.本文提出基于COLLATE（Consensus Level，Labeler Accuracy and Truth Estimation）的多图谱分割方法，首先以归一化互信息为相似测度对目标图像和图谱集进行B样条配准以获取粗分割结果；然后利用COLLATE对粗分割结果进行融合；最后采用基于形状约束的区域生长算法修正出现错误的数据.10例临床心脏磁共振短轴电影图像被用于算法验证.本文还将使用基于COLLATE的多图谱分割方法得到的结果与深度学习算法及手动分割进行了比较.结果显示与深度学习算法比较，使用本文算法得到的射血分数（Ejection Fraction，EF）与手动分割更加一致和相关，表明该算法的分割结果有望辅助临床心脏功能诊断.