日粮中性洗涤纤维水平对中国荷斯坦公牛营养物质消化率的影响

选用6头13月龄左右的中国荷斯坦生长公牛,分别饲喂6种NDF水平(NDF的质量含量分别为30.26%,32.49%,34.71%,36.94%,39.16%和41.39%)的日粮,并采用6×6的拉丁方试验设计,考察了日粮NDF水平对生长公牛营养物质消化代谢规律的影响.试验结果表明:在NDF水平为30.26%的日粮组中,生长公牛的干物质(DM)的表观消化率显著高于其他NDF水平组的DM的表观消化率(P＜0.05),在其他各组之间,生长公牛的DM的表观消化率则没有显著差异(P＞0.05);NDF水平为30.26%,32.49%,36.94%的日粮组之间和NDF水平为32.49%,34.71%,36.94%,39.16%,41.39%的日粮组之间,生长公牛的有机物(OM)的表观消化率差异不显著(P＞0.05),而在其他组之间,其OM的表观消化率差异显著(P＜0.05).日粮NDF水平对生长公牛的NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率影响较明显(P＜0.05),且随着日粮NDF水平的增加,其表观消化率也随之升高;NDF水平对生长公牛的淀粉的表观消化率的影响则不明显(P＞0.05);氮的沉留效率受日粮中NDF水平的影响,过高和过低的NDF水平都不利于氮的沉积;生长公牛在采食不同NDF水平的日粮时,其能量的表观消化率差异显著(P＜0.05),并且随着日粮NDF水平的增加,其能量的表观消化率明显下降(P＜0.05).     

高寒地区腹泻犊牛的血气与血液细胞分析

目的:探讨动物腹泻时血液生理生化指标的变化,为临床诊断提供依据.方法:运用i-STAT血气分析仪,测定了15例腹泻犊牛血液pH、Hb、TCO2、PCO2、PO2、HCO3-、SO2、BEecf、HcT、血液细胞的MCH、MCHC、RDW、WBC、LYM、MID、GRN、RBC、HGB、HcT、MCV和电解质Na+、K+指标.结果:腹泻犊牛的PCO2、HcT、SO2、MCHC、HGB、WBC(P<0.01)、MID(P<0.01)、HcT、MCV显著高于健康牛;而MCH、GRN、RBC也都低于健康奶牛.结论:犊牛腹泻时其血液细胞成分和血气指标发生显著的变化.     

Excretion profile of boldenone and its metabolites after oral administration to veal calves

The residue profiles of boldenone (17β-Bol), its epimer (17α-Bol) and the related compound androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), were investigated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in urine of male calves orally treated with boldenone, boldenone esters, and/or ADD. In all the experiments with the administered steroids residues of 17α-Bol decreased rapidly after end of treatment; detectable amounts of 17α-Bol were however noticed along the withdrawal observation period after end of treatment. Differently, residues of 17β-Bol were detectable only shortly after administration. This in vivo research concerning oral treatments of cattle with boldenone related substances proves ADD to be a very active boldenone precursor in bovine animals.     

Aberrant histone H4 acetylation in dead somatic cell cloned calves

In somatic cell-cloned animals, inefficient epigenetic reprogramming can result in an inappropriate gene expression and histone H4 acetylation is one of the key epigenetic modifications regulating gene expression. In this study, we investigated the levels of histone H4 acetylation of 11 development-related genes and expression levels of 19 genes in lungs of three normal control calves and nine aberrant somatic cell-cloned calves. The results showed that nine studied genes had decreased acetylation levels in aberrant clones （p 〈 0.05） and two genes had no significant variations （p 〉 0.05）. Whereas 13 genes had significantly decreased expression （p 〈 0.05） in aberrant clones, five genes showed no significant differences between controls and clones （p 〉 0.05）, and only one gene had higher expression level in clones （p 〈 0.05）. Furthermore, FGFR, GHR, HGFR and IGF1 genes showed lowered levels of both histone H4 acetylation and expression in aberrant clones than in controls, and the level of histone H4 acetylation was even more lowered in aberrant clones than those in controls. It was suggested that the lower levels of histone H4 acetylation in aberrant clones caused by the previous memory of cell differentiation might not support enough chromatin reprogramming, thus affecting appropriate gene expressions, and growth and development of the cloned calves. To our knowledge, this is the first study on how histone H4 acetylation affects gene expression in organs of somatic cell-cloned calves.