Theoretical study of the ring‐closing reaction of 5′‐AMP to cAMP and H2O in the gas phase

The ring‐closing reaction of 5′‐adenosine monophosphate (5′‐AMP) to generate cyclic 3′, 5′‐adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and H₂O was theoretically investigated at the B3LYP/6‐31G**level. It was found that the ring‐closing reaction of 5′‐AMP may proceed in a synchronous way or in a stepwise way. For the latter, the reaction is a multichannel elimination reaction including inner H transfer. The potential energy surface of Path 3 is lowest in all the ring‐closing reaction paths. In addition, H shuttling reaction with the participation of a water molecule to act as a shuttle were also studied at the same level. The calculations indicate that the participation of a water molecule facilitates hydrogen transfer reaction. Our present calculations rationalized all the possible reaction channels. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

IAA对黄瓜花粉管伸长及花粉内源cAMP含量的影响

研究不同浓度的ＩＡＡ对黄瓜花粉管伸长及内源ｃＡＭＰ含量的影响。结果表明：５ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ明显促进花粉管伸长，而１００ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ则完全抑制花粉萌发。     

Resonant-Mie-scattering of aggregates of phosphomolybdate and papaverine for measuring activities and screening inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes

A resonant-light-scattering (RLS) method was proposed to quantify phosphate for screening inhibitors of isozymes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE). In acidified mixtures of phosphate, papaverine and molybdate, there were aggregates exhibiting micrometre sizes, no absorbance peaks over 360 nm but strong RLS peaks at 392 nm; Mie scattering thus accounted for the RLS signals. When papaverine was added before molybdate to acidified samples of phosphate, RLS signals at 392 nm were stable from 5 to 25 min since the addition of molybdate; after optimization, phosphate from 0.40 to 3.60 μM was quantifiable. This RLS method tolerated 60 mg L⁻¹ proteins besides common PDE inhibitors and dimethyl sulfoxide in acidified samples of phosphate; the integration of this RLS method with the coupled action of a phosphomonoesterase on PDE product was thus rational to measure PDE activities without the removal of proteins in samples. By quantifying activities of a truncated mutant of human PDE4B2 via this RLS method, Michaelis–Menten constant, inhibition constants of rolipram, papaverine and theophylline varied over three magnitudes and were consistent with those estimated by an improved malachite green assay of phosphate, respectively. Hence, this novel RLS method was promising for screening inhibitors of PDE isozymes.     

植物细胞第二信使研究进展

介绍了植物细胞信号转导中的主要第二信使钙离子、三磷酸肌醇、二酯酰甘油、环腺苷酸的研究进展，特别对它们的产生及其在信号转导中的地位和作用进行了重点介绍。     

家兔白陶土胸膜炎性发热的研究——脑脊液和血浆cAMP含量的观察

为确定cAMP是否参与无菌性,炎症性发热机制,以白陶土诱发家兔胸膜炎性发热模型进行实验。实验结果表明:在白陶土胸膜炎性发热时,发热效应与脑背液中cAMP含量增多,呈明显的正相关关系。血浆cAMP在发热时含量明显增多,但在退热时未相应减少。由此可推论:在无菌性、炎症性发热机制中,中枢cAMP含量增多可能起重要作用。     

微波-超声波辅助提取金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷的技术研究

为提高金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷提取率,以金丝小枣为原料,通过Plackett-Burman(PB)实验设计,确定了影响金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷提取率的显著因素为微波时间、料液比、超声时间和超声功率。在此基础上,通过Box-Behnken(BB)实验设计、响应面分析法,最终得出了超声时间是影响提取效果的最显著因子,其次是料液比,微波时间、超声功率在设定条件范围内对提取效果影响不显著。确定了金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷的最佳提取条件为微波功率440 W、微波时间64 s、料液比1:8、超声时间21 min、超声功率300 W、超声温度20℃,在此条件下,金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷提取率为90.83%。本研究成果能够为医药和食品工业提供良好的天然活性物质,为金丝小枣及其他枣品的深加工和工业化应用提供了参考依据。     

Purine 3′:5′‐cyclic nucleotides with the nucleobase in a syn orientation: cAMP,cGMP and cIMP

Purine 3′:5′‐cyclic nucleotides are very well known for their role as the secondary messengers in hormone action and cellular signal transduction. Nonetheless, their solid‐state conformational details still require investigation. Five crystals containing purine 3′:5′‐cyclic nucleotides have been obtained and structurally characterized, namely adenosine 3′:5′‐cyclic phosphate dihydrate, C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P·2H₂O or cAMP·2H₂O, (I), adenosine 3′:5′‐cyclic phosphate 0.3‐hydrate, C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₆P·0.3H₂O or cAMP·0.3H₂O, (II), guanosine 3′:5′‐cyclic phosphate pentahydrate, C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₇P·5H₂O or cGMP·5H₂O, (III), sodium guanosine 3′:5′‐cyclic phosphate tetrahydrate, Na⁺·C₁₀H₁₁N₅O₇P⁻·4H₂O or Na(cGMP)·4H₂O, (IV), and sodium inosine 3′:5′‐cyclic phosphate tetrahydrate, Na⁺·C₁₀H₁₀N₄O₇P⁻·4H₂O or Na(cIMP)·4H₂O, (V). Most of the cyclic nucleotide zwitterions/anions [two from four cAMP present in total in (I) and (II), cGMP in (III), cGMP⁻ in (IV) and cIMP⁻ in (V)] are syn conformers about the N‐glycosidic bond, and this nucleobase arrangement is accompanied by C_rib—H…N_pur hydrogen bonds (rib = ribose and pur = purine). The base orientation is tuned by the ribose pucker. An analysis of data obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database made in the context of syn–anti conformational preferences has revealed that among the syn conformers of various purine nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides and dinucleotides predominate significantly. The interactions stabilizing the syn conformation have been indicated. The inter‐nucleotide contacts in (I)–(V) have been systematized in terms of the chemical groups involved. All five structures display three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded networks.     

Multiple intracellular signallings involved in regulation of on channels by GH releasing or inhibitory hormones in pituitary somatotropes

Influx of Ca2-via Ca2+ channels is the major step triggering exocytosis of pituitary somatotropes to release growth hormone (GH). Voltage-gated Ca2+ and K+ channels, the primary determinants of the influx of Ca2+ in somatotropes, are regulated by GH-releasing hornone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) through G protein-coupled signalling systems. Using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, the changes of the Ca2+ and K+ currents in primary cultured somatotropes were recorded and signalling systems were studied using pharmacological reagents and intracellular dialysis of non-permeable molecules including antibodies and antisense oligonucleotides. GHRH increased both L-and T-types Ca2+ currents and decreased transient (I4) and delayed rectified (Ik) K+ currents. The increase in Ca2+ currents by GHRH was mediated by cAMP/protein kinase A system but the decrease in K+ currents required normal function of protein kinase C system. The GHRH-induced alteration of Ca2+ and K+ currents augments the influx of Ca2+ , leading to an increase in the [ Ca2+ ]I and the GH secretion. In contrary, a significant reduction in Ca2+ currents and increase in K currents were obtained in response to SRIF. The ion channel response to SRIF was demonstrated as a membrane delimited pathway and can be recorded by classic whole-cell configuration, Intracellular dialysis of anti-αi3 antibodies attenuated the increase in K + currents by SRIF whereas anti-αo antibodies blocked the reduction in the Ca2+ current by SRIF. Dialysis of antisense oligonucleotides specific for αo2 sub-units also attenuated the inhibition of SRIF on the Ca2+current. The Gi3 protein mediated the increase in K + currents and the Go2 protein mediated the reduction in the Ca2 +current by SRIF. The SRIF-induced alteration of Ca2 + and K + currents diminished the influx of Ca2+ , leading to a decrease in the [ Ca2+ ]I and the GH secretion. It is therefore concluded that multiple signalling systems are employed in the ion channel response to GHRH or SRIF in somatotropes, which leads to an increase or decrease in the GH secretion.     

模拟5000米低氧大鼠脑内信息物质含量变化初探

利用减压舱模拟海拔５０００米低氧并采用放射免疫的方法，观察了大鼠大脑皮层和小脑内信息物质浓度的变化，并比较了两部位间的含量差异。以西宁地区海拔２２６０米作为对照，发现：高海拔低氧可引起大鼠脑内ｃＡＭＰ含量升高尤以小脑显著。     

磁场对AMI心肌的保护作用──磁场对大鼠实验性AMI血浆cAMP cGMP,血清Mg~( )含量变化的影响

本实验将大鼠随机分为五组：空白对照组、磁作用对照组、AMI组、AMI药物（心得安）治疗组。AMI磁场治疗组。采用放射免疫方法和原子分光光度法测定各组大鼠血浆cAMP、cGMP，血清Mg 含量。结果表明：AMI磁场治疗组血浆cAMP、cGMP，含量及cAMP／cGMP比值均明显低于AMI组（P＜0．05），与药物治疗组近似，略高于空白对照组和磁作用对照组空白对照组和磁作用对照组最低、两组间无显著差异。AMI磁场治疗组血清Mg＋．含量明显高于AMI组（P＜0．05），与药物治疗组近似。略低于空白对照组、磁作用对照组，空白对照组和磁作用对照组最高，两组间无显著差异。证实了磁场对动物实验性AMI，心肌的保护作用，为磁场用于AMI的治疗提供实验依据。