水稻苯达松敏感致死基因的RAPD标记的克隆及测序

用3S Spin DNA Agarose Gel Purification Kit试剂盒将与水稻苯达松敏感致死基因相连锁的RAPD遗传标记S20—420和S316—600回收纯化，连接于pGEM—T载体并克隆测序，得到了S20—420和S316—600的全序列，其长度分别为423bp、606bp．将两端序列设计特异PCR扩增引物可用于检测水稻苯达松敏感致死基因和标记辅助育种．     

Metal Oxide Film Anodes in the Electrolysis of Water or Brine

Metal (M) oxide (M: Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru) together with MaO₂ and MnO₂ alone, were coated on SnO₂ films and the anode behavior was examined in 1.0 N H₂SO₄, 1.0 N NaOH and 1.0, N NaCl aqueous solutions at 25°. The results are compared with those of DSA and of metallic Pt.     

分散固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鱼和虾中抗生素及三苯甲烷类兽药残留

建立了分散固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定鱼和虾中3类（磺胺类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类）18种抗生素及2种三苯甲烷类（孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿）兽药残留。样品经磷酸氢二钾溶液水解分散，乙腈提取，提取液经氯化钠脱水、盐析后取乙腈层，经旋转蒸发仪浓缩至近干，残留物用甲醇定容至1.0 mL，C18和PSA（N-丙基乙二胺）填料分散固相萃取净化，过滤膜后经ZORBAX C18色谱柱（50 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm）分离，正、负离子多反应监测模式采集数据，同位素内标法定量。实验结果表明，20种兽药在0.2~300 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系，检出限为0.1~0.6 μg/kg，定量限为0.3~1.8 μg/kg，相关系数均大于0.99。在1、5和20倍定量限加标浓度水平下，平均回收率为72.5%~118%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.9%~9.8%。该方法具有前处理简单、检测效率高、成本低等优点，适用于鱼和虾中多类兽药残留的同时测定。     

华南黑色岩系铂多金属矿成矿流体地球化学及其矿床成因意义

较系统的流体包裹体观测显示:①华南黑色岩系铂多金属矿中存在两种不同体系的流体包裹体,一为具中低盐度、NaCl-H2O体系者(Ⅰ型);二为具中高盐度、CaCl2-NaCl-H2O体系者(Ⅱ型);其中后者为该类矿床中首次确定;②存在2个不同期次的成矿流体,其中铂多金属矿层和其下伏磷块岩中碳酸盐石英网脉的流体包裹体特征基本一致,可能代表主成矿期流体,其均一温度峰值为170℃左右,而盐度具双峰式特征,峰值分别为27%～31%和4%～6%;矿层之上碳酸盐石英脉中流体包裹体可能代表了晚期成矿流体,其均一温度多为130～170℃左右,盐度峰值在12%～14%;③在早寒武世,接受了巨厚沉积的扬子克拉通南缘加里东冒地槽中的盆地热卤水受挤压而顺层侧向迁移,从地层中汲取Ni、Mo、V和PGE等成矿元素,形成中高盐度的CaCl2-NaCl-H2O体系成矿热液,沿断裂上升并与NaCl-H2O体系海水混合,形成黑色岩系中的铂多金属矿床(点).     

高位池对虾精养技术及病害防治Ⅰ.高位池种类、结构

中国大陆对虾高位池对虾养殖自1994年在广东徐闻县首次试验成功以来已有10a历史,在广东、广西、海南三省区获得了成功并得到快速发展,平均单产凡纳滨对虾9000 kg/hm2,最高单产达30000 kg/hm2以上.地膜养虾模式自1998年在我国大陆创立以来也得到较快的发展,在传统池改造中愈加发挥重要作用.笔者将10年来从事高位精养虾池(简称高位池)及地膜精养虾池养虾经验及研究予以总结.详细介绍了高位虾池及地膜虾池结构包括进水系统、排水系统、增氧系统等,并对高位精养虾池及地膜精养虾池的养殖管理及病害防治技术作了系统介绍.     

四元含锂铷氯化物水盐体系298.2 K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了四元含锂铷氯化物体系Li+,Na+,Rb+//Cl--H2O 298.2K下的相平衡关系,测定了平衡液相的溶解度、密度和折光率.基于实验数据,绘制了该四元体系的立体图、干基图、密度-组成图和折光率-组成图.该四元体系298.2K下的介稳相图由1个共饱和点,3条单变量曲线和3个结晶区(RbCl、NaCl、LiCl·H2O)组成.将研究的结果同LiCl+KCl+RbCl+H2O体系进行了对比和分析,总结Na+和K+对三元体系Li+,Rb+//Cl--H2O的影响.应用折光率计算的经验公式对实验测定的折光率进行了验证,其最大绝对误差小于-0.0090,从而证明了实验数据的可靠性.     

Ultra‐high pressure LC for astaxanthin determination in shrimp by‐products and active food packaging

Nowadays, there is increasing interest in natural antioxidants from food by‐products. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant and one of the major carotenoids in crustaceans and salmonids. An ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of astaxanthin in shrimp by‐products, and its migration from new packaging materials to food simulants was also studied. The method uses an UPLC® BEH guard‐column (2.1 × 5 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) and an UPLC® BEH analytical column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm particle size). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a programmed gradient mobile phase consisting of (A) acetonitrile–methanol (containing 0.05 m ammonium acetate)–dichloromethane (75:20:5, v/v/v) and (B) ultrapure water. This method was evaluated with respect to validation parameters such as linearity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and recovery. Low‐density polyethylene films were prepared with different amounts of the lipid fraction of fermented shrimp waste by extrusion, and migration was evaluated into food simulants (isooctane and ethanol 95%, v/v). Migration was not detected under the tested conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Back to the future: A retrospective assessment of model‐based scenarios for the management of the shrimp fishery in French Guiana facing global change

While the number of models dedicated to predicting the consequences of alternative resource management strategies has increased, instances in which authors look back at past predictions to learn from discrepancies between these and observed developments are scarce. In the past decades, the French Guiana shrimp fishery has experienced shrimp market globalization and decreasing levels of shrimp recruitment due to environmental changes. In 2006, a bio‐economic model of this fishery was developed to simulate its possible responses to economic and environmental scenarios up to 2016. Here, we compare here these predictions to the observed trajectories. While the number of active vessels corresponds to that which was predicted, the estimated shrimp stock does not. Important driving factors had not been anticipated, including a general strike, natural disasters, and the end of the global financial crisis. These results show the importance of participative approaches involving stakeholders in the co‐construction and shared representation of scenarios. Recommendations for resource managers

• Effective fisheries resources management and a fortiori, the capacity of the fisheries to adapt to global change, requires understanding of both ecological and economics dynamics.
• The temporal trajectory of the trawling shrimp fisheries has been well monitored, and the decline of both stock and fleet is understood regarding ecological and economic changes: Changes in the environmental conditions of shrimp recruitment, and oil price increase and selling price decrease.
• However, our bio‐economic modeling work showed that, even with a good understanding of the dynamics explaining past trajectories, unpredictable events (strike, natural disasters…) have acted as other key driving factors altering the capacity of the model to represent possible futures.
• These results led us to recommend a better integration of the expertise of social and political scientists in developing models of bio‐economic systems to increase the quality of scenario predictions, and to argue for more participative approaches involving the stakeholders.

     

同位素稀释高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水体、底泥、鱼及虾中氯硝柳胺残留量

建立了水体、底泥、鱼体自然比例带皮肌肉和虾肌肉中氯硝柳胺(NIC)残留量测定的同位素稀释高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法。水样经碱化后以乙酸乙酯提取,其他样品采用0.1%氨水乙腈提取,C_(18)粉进行样品净化。以乙腈-水为流动相,流速为0.3 mL/min,采用Thermo Hypersil Gold C_(18)(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行分离,氯硝柳胺稳定同位素标记物(氯硝柳胺-~(13)C_6)为内标,选择反应监测(SRM)模式扫描,内标法定量。结果表明氯硝柳胺在0.2～200μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r~2)不小于0.999 5。空白水样在2.5、25、250 ng/L加标水平下的平均回收率为90.5%～109%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.2%～11%,检出限(LOD)为1.0 ng/L,定量下限(LOQ)为2.5 ng/L;空白底泥、黄颡鱼自然比例带皮肌肉和克氏原螯虾肌肉在0.5、5.0、50μg/kg加标水平下的平均回收率分别为89.4%～113%、92.8%～110%和94.1%～107%,RSD分别为4.6%～12%、2.8%～11%和3.2%～9.3%,LOD均为0.2μg/kg,LOQ均为0.5μg/kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和选择性高,适用于实际水产养殖环境水体、底泥、鱼和虾中氯硝柳胺的残留分析。     

Characterization and bioactive potentials of secondary metabolites from Fusarium chlamydosporum

Abstract

A search for bioactive secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporum, isolated from the root of Suaeda glauca, led to the isolation of three indole derivatives (1–3), three cyclohexadepsipeptides (4–6), and four pyrones (7–10). The structures of new (1) and known compounds (2–10) were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. All these compounds were evaluated for phytotoxic, antimicrobial activities, and brine shrimp lethality. Compound 1 showed significant phytotoxic activity against the radicle growth of Echinochloa crusgalli, even better than the positive control of 2,4-D. Cyclohexadepsipeptides (4–6) and pyrones (7–10) exhibited brine shrimp lethality, especially 4 and 7 with the LD₅₀ values of 2.78 and 7.40?μg mL^?1, respectively, better than the positive control.