论古典文学中杏花的审美意象

杏花，是花之一种。在百花之中，它虽没有牡丹的富贵，梅花的清高，菊花的幽雅，但也还是别有一番风味。它有着姣容嬗变的色彩，有着沁人心脾的清香，有着生动活泼的姿态。同时由于时代的发展，历史的积淀，它更被人们赋予了特定的寓意。而本文则将从色、香、姿、韵四个方面来具体论述杏花的审美意象。     

遮光处理对忽地笑生长发育的影响

五个梯度遮光处理忽地笑(Lycoris aurea)生长发育情况.结果表明:20％遮光出葶最早,全光照出葶最迟.花葶长度以40％遮光处理下最长,全光照最短,各处理差异显著.开花率全光照处理最低;40％遮光最高,适度遮光的环境更有利忽地笑开花.不同遮光处理集中开花时间在9月上中旬,遮光处理对开花时间影响不显著.40％遮光...     

宋代募兵制与瓦舍勾栏的兴盛

本文从兵源、军俸、军卒消费水准、更戍制、军队的工商业生产、军队的娱乐、军汉的喜好倾向性等方面探讨了宋代募兵制与瓦舍勾栏之间的关系,认为宋代的募兵制促进了瓦舍勾栏的兴盛。     

Products of B-patches

Products and tensor products of multivariate polynomials in B-patch form are viewed as linear combinations of higher degree B-patches. Univariate B-spline segments and certain regions of simplex splines are examples of B-patches. A recursive scheme for transforming tensor product B-patch representations into B-patch representations of more variables is presented. The scheme can also be applied for transforming ann-fold product of B-patch expansions into a B-patch expansion of higher degree. Degree raising formulas are obtained as special cases. The scheme calculates the blossom of the (tensor) product surface and generalizes the pyramidal recursive scheme for B-patches.     

In vitro anticomplementary activity and quality evaluation of dried blossoms of Inula nervosa Wall. from different geographical origins

Blossoms of Inula nervosa Wall. (BINW) are traditionally used as an analgesic and antitussive in China. In this study, in vitro anticomplementary activities of crude extract from BINW in 21 batches and of extracts of four monomeric compounds were evaluated by the classical pathway. The effect of the region of origin on the quality of BINW was evaluated by fingerprint analysis for the first time. Furthermore, chemometric methods including similarity analysis and principal component analysis were employed to evaluate the quality of BINW. The nine major monomeric compounds were quantitated by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography. All nine analytes demonstrated excellent linearity with recoveries ranging from 97.25% to 102.76%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.07–12.20 μg/mL and 0.22–40.27 μg/mL, respectively. Results indicate that different regions of origin have a significant effect on the quality of BINW. Fingerprint analysis in combination with chemometrics and multi‐ingredient determination is an efficient and reliable approach for quality evaluation. The BINW samples from Yunnan had the highest ratio of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid and thymol; they also exhibited significantly higher anticomplementary activity than those from three other areas. This study successfully established a rapid and efficient method to evaluate the quality and biological activity of BINW.     

川端康成樱花意象研究

结合川端康成特殊的"孤儿根性"和恋爱态度,可以看出他所继承的日本传统文学"物哀"、"幽玄"的思想以及他所受的西方基督教文化的影响,从《古都》中川端康成对樱花在日本传统文化中本真的隐喻意义的把握出发,说明了樱花作为战争的反思形象所包含的"自救"与"她救"意义,借以加深对川端康成在战后回归日本传统美的文学思想的理解。     

静观蜡梅开放吐香习性的观察与分析

经过2004-2005年连续2年对静观的素心蜡梅观察分析，结果表明：蜡梅花期较长，一般为3个月左右，高峰期持续时间较短，15d左右；蜡梅花的开放没有一定的规律性，早上9：00～13：00，温度在10℃左右时，开放速度较快，开放的花朵较多；蜡梅花与其它气质花一样都是在花蕾蓬松后，初开时最香，随着花朵的开放，香精油不断释放，至萎蔫时几乎没有蜡梅花香；完全脱离花枝后蜡梅花蕾不能继续开放吐香，初开和全开花朵能继续挥发香精油吐香，持续吐香5d左右，且初开花朵吐香时间较全开花朵长.     

Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Flavonoids from Armeniaca mume Sieb. Blossom and Their Immunomodulating Effect in Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis

Armeniaca mume Sieb. blossom is among the traditional Chinese edible flowers, and it is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Flavonoids are among the most abundant bioactive compounds in A. mume Sieb. blossom. However, the research on the extraction of flavonoids from A. mume Sieb. blossom and their immunomodulating function is insufficient. In this study, we developed a microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction of flavonoids from A. mume Sieb. blossom (FAMB) and explored their immunomodulating effect on mice with dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis. The results showed that the optimum parameters for microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction of FAMB were as follows: cellulase: 2.0%; microwave power: 200 W; microwave action time: 5 min; and enzymatic hydrolysis time: 50 min. FAMB significantly promoted the lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell killing activity in colitis mice, and increased the concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 in serum. FAMB also significantly reduced the apoptosis of spleen lymphocytes in these mice. These results demonstrated that the microwave-assisted enzymatic method could significantly improve the yield and efficacy extraction of FAMB. FAMB showed a good immunomodulation effect on colitis mice.     

Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymolysis Extraction and Protective Effect on Injured Cardiomyocytes in Mice of Flavonoids from Prunus mume Blossom

Prunus mume blossom is an edible flower that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Flavonoids are one of the most active substances in Prunus mume blossoms. The optimal ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of flavonoids from Prunus mume blossom (FPMB), the components of FPMB, and its protective effect on injured cardiomyocytes were investigated in this study. According to our results, the optimal extraction process for FPMB is as follows: cellulase at 2.0%, ultrasonic power at 300 W, ultrasonic enzymolysis for 30 min, and an enzymolysis temperature of 40 °C. FPMB significantly promoted the survival rate of cardiomyocytes and reduced the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS). FPMB also improved the activities of proteases caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate in mice was significantly reduced by exposure to FPMB. These results suggest that the extraction rate of FPMB may be improved by an ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic method. FPMB has a protective effect on the injured cardiomyocytes.     

Synthesis of (2S,7S)-dibutyroxynonane, the sex pheromone of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), by diastereoselective silicon-tethered ring-closing metathesis

The sex pheromone of Sitodiplosis mosellana, (2S,7S)-dibutyroxynonane, has been synthesised using a mixed di-t-butylsilaketal prepared from (S)-5-hexen-2-ol and prochiral 1,4-pentadiene-3-ol. Ring-closing metathesis occurs diastereoselectively and after the removal of the silyl group and the reduction of the double bonds, generates (2S,7S)-nonanediol with a diastereoisomeric excess of 94% as measured by gas chromatographic analysis of the diacetylated product.