Towards accreditation of clinical biochemistry in the public sector on the island of Mauritius

Medical laboratories of the public sector as well as of the private sector on the island of Mauritius are preparing for accreditation. The clinical laboratory of the Central Health laboratory of the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life has undergone a pre-assessment by experts of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the aegis of a project targeted to members of the Africa Region. Several shortcomings were identified and respective corrective actions were recommended for implementation within a given time frame. In addition to ensuring the competence of the laboratory, accreditation has various positive aspects such as an increased awareness of the staff to quality and better training opportunities. The pre-assessment exercise has provided a gap analysis, which is an important aspect in the preparation towards accreditation.     

医学生物化学绪论课的设计

在生物化学绪论课的设计中，从生物化学与医学的密切关系及生物化学学科的发展对医学研究进展的影响方面，重点介绍一些医学新信息、新技术，并采用多媒体课件，使医学生能更好地学习生物化学课程．     

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂废水的生化处理研究

对兰州石化公司ABS生产装置生产的丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯 (ABS)树脂废水水质进行了分析和处理技术研究。通过试验筛选出两株ABS树脂废水高效降解菌ABS 2、ABS 5及其激活剂JH 6 ,可将絮凝处理后ABS树脂废水的生化需氧量与化学需氧量的比值由 38%提高到 4 9% ,提高了废水可生化性 ,强化了ABS树脂废水通过活性污泥法进行处理的效果 ,加快了废水处理启动速度 ,提高了处理效率。静态试验、动态试验及动态扩试等系统性试验表明 ,投加高效菌及其激活剂强化活性污泥法可在水力停留时间 8h内使ABS树脂废水化学需氧量由 770mg/L降至 12 0mg/L以下 ,实现达标排放。由色谱分析推断 ,处理后的水中残余成分主要为低聚物。     

海南坡鹿生理生化正常值的研究

测定了海南坡鹿32项生理生化正常值．结果表明，除在成、幼鹿之间，体温、呼吸、脉搏、红细胞平均体积、红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、总蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、血清钙、血清纳差异极显著（P＜0．01），球蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶差异显著（P＜0．05）；在成年公、母鹿之间，除红细胞平均体积差异极显著（P＜0.01），红细胞压积容量、血清钙差异显著（P＜0．05）外，其余测定项目差异不显著（P＞0．05）．     

RNA Ligation for Mono and Dually Labeled RNAs

Labeled RNAs are invaluable probes for investigation of RNA function and localization. However, mRNA labeling remains challenging. Here, we developed an improved method for 3′-end labeling of in vitro transcribed RNAs. We synthesized novel adenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate analogues modified at the N6 or C2 position of adenosine with an azide-containing linker, fluorescent label, or biotin and assessed these constructs as substrates for RNA labeling directly by T4 ligase or via postenzymatic strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). All analogues were substrates for T4 RNA ligase. Analogues containing bulky fluorescent labels or biotin showed better overall labeling yields than postenzymatic SPAAC. We successfully labeled uncapped RNAs, NAD-capped RNAs, and 5′-fluorescently labeled m⁷Gp₃A_m-capped mRNAs. The obtained highly homogenous dually labeled mRNA was translationally active and enabled fluorescence-based monitoring of decapping. This method will facilitate the use of various functionalized mRNA-based probes.     

Methodik und Anwendung des Radioimmunoassays

1. Einleitung

2. Tracerdarstellung

3. Geuinnung von Antiseren

4. Methoden zur Trennung von freier und antikörpergebundener Radioaktivität

5. Analysengang

6. Spezifität

7. Empfindlichkeit

8. Anwendungsbeispiele

9. Literatur     

蛋白质二级结构预测概率图模型的改进

蛋白质二级结构与蛋白质三级结构及蛋白质功能密切相关,是生物信息学研究的热点,其中概率图模型隐马尔可夫算法(HMM)是该领域研究的重要工具。但是在实际应用中,存在着HMM训练下溢、不同训练集的效果差异较大及参数优化困难等问题。对预测蛋白质二级结构时HMM遇到的训练下溢问题提出了改进方案;首次提出8-状态HMM来预测蛋白质二级结构,并且将参数B改进成为包含状态转移信息的三维参数;为了改进最优HMM模型的确定方法,用每个样本分别对初始HMM模型进行训练,得到一系列新的模型,然后对这些新模型的参数求均值,将求得的均值作为最优模型的参数。这些改进方法提高了HMM预测蛋白质二级结构的准确率,为HMM的进一步优化打下良好的基础。     

The Action of Peroxyl Radicals,Powerful Deleterious Reagents,Explains Why Neither Cholesterol Nor Saturated Fatty Acids Cause Atherogenesis and Age‐Related Diseases

Cells respond to alterations in their membrane structure by activating hydrolytic enzymes. Thus, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are liberated. Free PUFAs react with molecular oxygen to give lipid hydroperoxide molecules (LOOHs). In case of severe cell injury, this physiological reaction switches to the generation of lipid peroxide radicals (LOO^.). These radicals can attack nearly all biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and enzymes, impairing their biological functions. Identical cell responses are triggered by manipulation of food, for example, heating/grilling and particularly homogenization, representing cell injury. Cholesterol as well as diets rich in saturated fat have been postulated to accelerate the risk of atherosclerosis while food rich in unsaturated fatty acids has been claimed to lower this risk. However, the fact is that LOO^. radicals generated from PUFAs can oxidize cholesterol to toxic cholesterol oxides, simulating a reduction in cholesterol level. In this review it is shown how active LOO^. radicals interact with biomolecules at a speed transcending usual molecule–molecule reactions by several orders of magnitude. Here, it is explained how functional groups are fundamentally transformed by an attack of LOO^. with an obliteration of essential biomolecules leading to pathological conditions. A serious reconsideration of the health and diet guidelines is required.     

Reglucosylation of the Benzoxazinoid DIMBOA with Inversion of Stereochemical Configuration is a Detoxification Strategy in Lepidopteran Herbivores

Benzoxazinoids are chemical defenses against herbivores and are produced by many members of the grass family. These compounds are stored as stable glucosides in plant cells and require the activity of glucosidases to release the corresponding toxic aglucones. In maize leaves, the most abundant benzoxazinoid is (2R)‐DIMBOA‐Glc, which is converted into the toxic DIMBOA upon herbivory. The ways in which three Spodoptera species metabolize this toxin were investigated. (2S)‐DIMBOA‐Glc, an epimer of the initial plant compound, was observed in the insect frass, and the associated glucosyltransferase activity was detected in the insect gut tissue. The epimeric glucoside produced by the insect was found to be no longer reactive towards plant glucosidases and thus cannot be converted into a toxin. Stereoselective reglucosylation thus represents a detoxification strategy in Spodoptera species that might help to explain their success as agricultural pests on benzoxazinoid‐containing crops.     

Microfluidic chip electrophoresis for biochemical analysis

Microfluidic chip electrophoresis has been widely employed for separation of various biochemical species owing to its advantages of low sample consumption, low cost, fast analysis, high throughput, and integration capability. In this article, we reviewed the development of four different modes of microfluidics‐based electrophoresis technologies including capillary electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, and field (electric) flow fractionation. Coupling detection schemes on microfluidic electrophoresis platform were also reviewed such as optical, electrochemical, and mass spectrometry method. We further discussed the innovative applications of microfluidic electrophoresis for biomacromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins), biochemical small molecules (amino acids, metabolites, ions, etc.), and bioparticles (cells and pathogens) analysis. The future direction of microfluidic chip electrophoresis was predicted.