High-fidelity Recognition of Organotrifluoroborate Anions (R−BF3−) as Designer Guest Molecules

The recognition of boron compounds is well developed as boronic acids but untapped as organotrifluoroborate anions (R−BF₃⁻). We are exploring the development of these and other designer anions as anion-recognition motifs by considering them as substituted versions of the parent inorganic ion. To this end, we demonstrate strong and reliable binding of organic trifluoroborates, R−BF₃⁻, by cyanostar macrocycles that are size-complementary to the inorganic BF₄⁻ progenitors. We find that recognition is modulated by the substituent's sterics and that the affinities are retained using the common K⁺ salts of R−BF₃⁻ anions.     

HTK参数对普米语孤立词识别率的影响

普米语是一种无文字的少数民族语言,目前已处于濒危状态,建立语音语料库及开展语音识别研究是保护和传承普米语的重要手段.基于HTK的语音识别中,参数的选取对不同语言的识别率有很大的影响.针对MFCC维数、HMM状态数及GMM个数这3个参数对普米语的识别率进行研究,结果表明:普米语语音识别的最佳MFCC维数为13维,最佳HMM状态数为8个,最佳GMM个数为3个.     

A DNA Switch for Detecting Single Nucleotide Polymorphism within a Long DNA Sequence Under Denaturing Conditions

DNA detection is usually conducted under nondenaturing conditions to favor the formation of Watson–Crick base-paring interactions. However, although such a setting is excellent for distinguishing a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within short DNA sequences (15–25 nucleotides), it does not offer a good solution to SNP detection within much longer sequences. Here we report on a new detection method capable of detecting SNP in a DNA sequence containing 35–90 nucleotides. This is achieved through incorporating into the recognition DNA sequence a previously discovered DNA molecule that forms a stable G-quadruplex in the presence of 7 molar urea, a known condition for denaturing DNA structures. The systems are configured to produce both colorimetric and fluorescent signals upon target binding.     

一种自适应步长的复合梯度加速优化算法

自适应步长加速(Adam)类算法由于其计算效率高、兼容性好的特点，成为近期相关领域的研究热点.针对Adam收敛速度慢的问题，本文基于当前梯度、预测梯度以及历史动量梯度，提出一种新型Adam类一阶优化算法——复合梯度下降法(C-Adam)，并对其收敛性进行了理论证明.与其他加速算法的区别之处在于，C-Adam将预测梯度与历史动量区别开，通过一次真实的梯度更新找到下一次迭代更精准的搜索方向.利用两组常用测试数据集及45钢静拉伸破坏实验的实验数据对所提算法进行验证，实验结果表明C-Adam与其他流行算法相比较具有更快的收敛速度及更小的训练损失.     

Hybrid SVM／HMM Method for Face Recognition

A face recognition system based on Support Vector Machine(SVM) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has been proposed. The powerful discriminative ability of SVM is combined with the temporal modeling ability of HMM. The output of SVM is moderated to be probability output, which replaces the Mixture of Gauss (MOG) in HMM. Wavelet transformation is used to extract observation vector, which reduces the data dimension and improves the robustness.The hybrid system is compared with pure HMM face recognition method based on ORL face database and Yale face database. Experiments results show that the hybrid method has better performance.     

语法术语再认知

关于语法术语在英语语言习得和英语教学中的作用认知，在过去的几十年里从未有过间断并倍受关注，通过分析学生接受、运用英语语法术语的状况，并结合我国的大学英语教学，指出正确认知语法术语对英语语言学习和语言教学的重要作用。     

Real time estimation of CO2 laser weld quality for automotive industry

Laser welding is one of the most precise welding processes in joining sheet metals. In laser welding, performing real time evaluation of the welding quality is very important to enhance the efficiency of the welding process. In this study, the plasma and spatter, which are generated during laser welding, are measured using UV and IR photodiodes. The factors that influence weld quality are classified into five categories; optimal heat input, slightly low heat input, low heat input, partial joining due to gap mismatch, and nozzle deviation. The data number deviated from reference signals and their standard deviations were also considered to evaluate the qualities. A system was also formulated to perform real time evaluations of the weld quality using a fuzzy multi-feature pattern recognition with the measured signals.     

新的模糊似然函数

模糊似然函数是刻画两个模糊集之间相似程度的重要工具，众多学者给出了多种形式的计算方法，但由于实际问题的复杂性，有些方法在某些情况下会产生违反直觉的结论．首先就闫德勤在2001年建议的方法进行讨论，然后证明了一个引理，提出一种新的模糊似然函数，其本质是由模糊集合间l^p距离导出的贴近度．与相关公式比较，发现它们能导出相同的模糊熵，最后给出一个它在模式识别中的应用实例．