多媒体教学手段在天文教育中的应用--天文教学系列软件"探索宇宙"简介

结合中国目前天文学教育的现状和我系开展基础天文学教学的体会,对天文学教学中如何利用多媒体的手段进行了论述,并重点介绍了天文系列多媒体教学软件<探索宇宙>的特点和主要内容.     

美国五次并购浪潮及其历史背景

美国历史上曾发生过五次大的并购浪潮，对这段历史进行研究，对于进一步加强对我国并购活动管理工作具有重要的指导意义。     

The Fundamental Experiments of Red Tide Chemical Forecast

Many food algae and red tide algae were cultivated in the f/2 medium, and the nitric oxide (NO) concentration of the medium and the cell density were determined. The experiments on algae were conducted when different concentrations of NO were added into the medium using two methods. The results show that low concentrations of NO were self-produced by marine algae during the exponential growth period and were about nmol/L level. But at the end of the period, i.e., 2 or 3 days before the cell density reaches the maximum, an NO peak appeared, with the NO concentration reaching 10 nmol/L. The NO threshold concentration exists according to the influence of exogenous NO on the marine phytoplankton growth. One type is the threshold concentration that can promote algae growth, and its value is between 10 and 1 nmol level, or even lower. The other type can inhibit the phytoplankton growth, which is about μmol level or higher. The results indicate that red tide algae are far more sensitive to NO than are food algae. The fundamental experimental outcome above may provide a new clue for red tide chemical forecast by inspecting the NO change.     

Combined adjustment project of national astronomical geodetic networks and 2000'' national GPS control network

The combined adjustment project of the nationwide astronomical geodetic networks and 2000' national GPS control network involve 48519 terrestrial observational stations and 2666 GPS observational stations. In the terrestrial network, 25107 stations are height fixed and 23412 stations are in three dimensions. 440793 terrestrial observations and 183668 unknowns are involved in the adjustment. The three-dimensional observational models for the adjustment have been established. The crustal deformation influences and corrections are researched. Fast methods of solving partitioned adjustment for super large-scale geodetic network have been studied. The standard deviations of three-dimensional coordinates for all stations are evaluated. As a result of the combined adjustment, a unified national geodetic network with nearly 50000 stations is established, the high accurate three-dimensional geocentric coordinates are obtained. The standard deviation for geoid is averagely 0.2 m, for vertical deflection is about 1.5″, for the horizontal position is about 0.12 m, for the geodetic height is about 0.14 m, and for the three-dimensional position is averagely 0.3 m.     

Observation of internal tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450 m layer of the northern South China Sea

Mooring ADCP current observations from August to November are used to study the barotropic tides, baroclinic tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450 m layer of the northern South China Sea. The barotropic and baroclinic tides at the mooring station are all dominated by M2, K1, O1, P1, with the barotropic amplitudes being 7.8 cm·s^-1, 7.0 cm·s^-1, 5.4 cm·s^-1 and 3.5 cm·s^-1 respectively. The amplitudes of M2, K1, O1, P1 internal tides vary greatly, which are 12--15 cm·s^-1 in the thermocline, and then decrease with increasing depth. The amplitude of the barootropic near-inertial motions is less than 1 cm·s^-1, contributing little to the barotropic currents. However, that of the baroclinic nearinertial motions can be as large as 5 cm·s^-1. The inclination of tidal ellipse tends to increase with increasing depth, implying upward propagation of energy, while that of the near-inertial ellipse tends to decrease with increasing depth, implying downward propagation of energy.     

遏止刑讯逼供的方法分析

刑讯逼供是一种丑恶的历史现象,在建立社会主义法治国家的进程中必须通过确立疑罪从无,辅以口供补强规则;改革现行刑事侦查体制,规范和控制侦查权利,加强对侦查的监督和制约;取消如实回答义务,赋予犯罪嫌疑人沉默权,确立不被强迫自证其罪规则;强调依法取证,确立非法取证的排除规则,建立法定证据制度;确立举证责任倒置原则;扩大律师在刑事诉讼中的作用;树立正确的执法理念等措施来加以遏制。     

X射线天文望远镜的进展

综述了近年来X射线天文望远镜(如准直型望远镜、编码孔径望远镜、正入射周期多层膜望远镜、掠入射单层膜望远镜和掠入射非周期多层膜望远镜以及新型的“龙虾眼”型望远镜)的发展；阐述了各种X射线天文望远镜工作的原理和成像特点，指出各种X射线天文望远镜之间的性能是相互补充的；简要说明了国内近年来在X射线天文望远镜研究方面取得的进展，并展望了下一步工作．     

赤潮光谱特征及其形成机制

采用海面以上光谱测量方法 (Above water method),利用美国FieldSpec® Dual VNIR光谱仪测量了丹麦细柱藻、中肋骨条藻、海洋褐胞藻等三种浮游植物赤潮以及红色中缢虫这一原生动物赤潮的离水辐射光谱数据。强调赤潮与正常海水的光谱差异在于687～728 nm波段的特征反射峰,指出了浮游植物赤潮与原生动物赤潮间的显著光谱差异,并认为可据此进行某些赤潮种类的遥感识别。给出了浮游植物赤潮光谱反射峰、吸收峰成因;红色中缢虫这一原生动物引起的水色异常,与其体内的共生藻类及浮游植物色素碎屑有关;其摄食偏好、与藻类的共生特性研究以及藻类常温下的荧光发射特性研究,将有助于加深对于红色中缢虫赤潮光谱成因的认识。     

深水沉积研究综述及未来方向

深水沉积自上世纪50年代开始为人们所关注。深水沉积理论在争论中发展,并取得了一定的成就。由于对深水沉积研究相对较少,因此对深水沉积作用认识十分有限。回顾深水沉积的研究历程、概览其研究现状,对于总结存在问题、展望发展方向具有深远的意义。通过大量调研国内外深水沉积研究实例,概述了它们的研究进展,详细阐述了基于浊流沉积理论而建立的海底扇模式,等深流沉积的垂向层序,内潮汐沉积的特征及形成机理。同时,文中指出当前深水沉积研究存在的若干问题:深水重力流沉积研究尚存在诸多争论,深水牵引流沉积的识别仍存在困难。深水沉积物成因复杂,未来的深水沉积研究应注重多学科交叉发展,建立深水牵引流和深水重力流两种搬运机制共同作用的深水沉积模式,提高深水沉积物的可预测性,进而指导深水油气勘探。     

平行因子分析在赤潮藻滤液三维荧光光谱特征提取中的应用

在实验室条件下培养我国沿海常见的10种赤潮藻,测定了赤潮藻生长过程中藻滤液的三维荧光光谱.用平行因子分析对光谱进行分解,获得每种赤潮藻滤液荧光峰的个数及类型,即每种赤潮藻的特征光谱.在此基础上比较每种藻特征光谱的相似性和差异性,并分析了赤潮藻生长过程中滤液的荧光峰强度和生长阶段的关系,为基于赤潮藻滤液三维荧光光谱的赤潮藻种类识别测定技术提供依据.结果表明:不同赤潮藻的特征光谱之间存在差异.在指数生长期,类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光峰强度与藻密度呈正相关,说明两类有机物在水体中不断积累;在稳定期和衰亡期,两类有机物的荧光强度迅速增大,这可能是衰老和死亡细胞的破碎释放,以及细菌降解作用所致.平行因子分析可以有效提取赤潮藻的荧光特征,考察了赤潮藻荧光峰强度和生长阶段的关系.