低温锻炼对野生型colombia拟南芥在渗透胁迫下的适应性初探

本文探讨了低温锻炼后野生型colombia拟南芥在渗透胁迫下的适应性，结果表明：低温处理的材料POD酶活性和游离脯氨酸含量明显高于未低温处理材料，并且SOD酶活性维持相对的稳定性，具有相对较强的适应性。     

Hydroxymethylated Phyllobilins: A Puzzling New Feature of the Dioxobilin Branch of Chlorophyll Breakdown

Colorless nonfluorescent chlorophyll (Chl) catabolites (NCCs) are formyloxobilin‐type phyllobilins, which are considered the typical products of Chl breakdown in senescent leaves. However, in degreened leaves of some plants, dioxobilin‐type Chl catabolites (DCCs) predominate, which lack the formyl group of the NCCs, and which arise from Chl catabolites by oxidative removal of the formyl group by a P450 enzyme. Here a structural investigation of the DCCs in the methylesterase16 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is reported. Eight new DCCs were identified and characterized structurally. Strikingly, three of these DCCs carry stereospecifically added hydroxymethyl groups, and represent bilin‐type linear tetrapyrroles with an unprecedented modification. Indeed, DCCs show a remarkable structural parallel, otherwise, to the bilins from heme breakdown.     

拟南芥糖基转移酶基因UGT71C5启动子的克隆和功能分析

通过PCR扩增,从拟南芥中克隆到长度为903 bp的UGT71C5基因启动子,并构建了此种启动子与GUS嵌合的重组载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化拟南芥,得到转基因拟南芥,并且通过启动子分析软件对全序列进行分析,发现在该段序列中含有典型的TATA-box、CAAT-box和光应答元件GT1、干旱应答元件ERD等一些顺式作用元件.利用分光光度法测定转基因植株在光照、干旱和ABA等胁迫处理下的GUS酶活力,结果表明：转基因植株的GUS酶活力介于野生型和35S阳性对照之间,与正常条件下生长的转基因植物相比,光照处理     

黑芥子酶提取及活性测定方法的改进

以拟南芥为材料,对以往黑芥子酶的提取方法和活性测定方法进行了改进,通过实验优选出最佳的提取和活性测定条件.改进后的方法提取样品量只有150 mg,提取缓冲溶液1 mL,离心回收上清作为酶液;3 mL反应体系溶液(含0.2 mmol/L黑芥子硫苷酸钾)置于1 cm光路石英比色杯中,37℃条件下平衡后,向反应体系溶液中添加...     

Ecotypic differences in responses of Arabidopsis thaliana L. to elevated polychromatic UV-A and UV-B+A radiation in the natural environment: a positive correlation between UV-B+A inhibition and growth rate

The effects of supplementary ultraviolet-A (UV-A) and ultraviolet-B+A (UV-B+A) in the natural environment on the growth and morphology of various ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated. The ecotypes investigated were Columbia (Col-4), Landsberg erecta (Ler-0), Cvi-0, Wassilewskija, Enkheim-D, Aa-0 and Di-1. The mutant hy-4 was also used. Results varied with the radiation treatment, ecotype and parameter measured. Plants subjected to elevated UV-A were both insensitive (all parameters Cvi-0 and Col-4) and sensitive. When responses to UV-A occurred they were mostly inhibitory (all significant responses of Di-1 and Enkheim-D, most parameters of Wassilewskija, and some parameters of hy-4), however, promotive affects were observed for some parameters of Aa-0 and Ler-0. Supplementary UV-B+A inhibited all parameters of Di-1 and Enkheim-D and most parameters of Col-4, Ler-0 and hy-4, but Wassilewskija, Aa-0 and Cvi-0 were mostly insensitive. The magnitude of the UV-B+A response varied with ecotype (compare Di-1 with Ler-0). Some ecotypes were sensitive to UV-A but not UV-B+A (Aa-0), whereas others (Ler-0, Col-4) show the opposite sensitivities. A linear relationship is reported between the degree of UV-B+A inhibition of each ecotype and growth rate. The higher the growth rate the more susceptible the ecotype is to UV-B+A inhibition. This relationship holds for the majority of growth parameters measured.     

拟南芥翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位研究

探讨了拟南芥的翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位.以Col野生型拟南芥的cDNA为模板,通过高保真KOD扩增酶获得2 363bp的拟南芥转录延伸因子EF1A基因片段,将其与GFP融合后共同连入p1300表达载体,利用农杆菌侵染法将p35S∶GFP和p35S∶EF1A∶∶GFP转入野生型拟南芥中,观察转基因植物细胞中GFP的表达情况.结果显示:p35S∶GFP转基因植物中,细胞核中GFP荧光强度显著高于细胞质中荧光强度,但是在p35S∶EF1A∶∶GFP转基因植物中,细胞核中荧光强度与细胞质中荧光强度无显著差异,说明在进行蛋白翻译时细胞质中的EF1A含量显著高于细胞核中,这也为翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位提供了实验依据.     

拟南芥SnRK2.2/2.3激酶参与调节镉胁迫响应的机制探究

为探究拟南芥SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因对Cd胁迫响应的分子机制. 以野生型（WT）、双突变体SnRK2.2/2.3、过表达SnRK2.2和过表达SnRK2.3的转基因植物为材料,研究SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因与Cd胁迫响应的关系.发现过表达两个基因可以提高拟南芥对Cd的耐受性,表现为可以减少Cd、丙二醛（MDA）及活性氧（ROS）的累积量,增加抗氧化酶CAT、POD和SOD的活性. qRT PCR结果显示在Cd胁迫下,两种过表达植株中铁转运蛋白IRT1和转录因子FIT、bHLH038和bHLH039表达水平受到明显抑制,ABA合成相关基因AAO3和NCED3的表达量显著上调.在Cd胁迫下,两种过表达植株中ABA含量显著高于WT和双突变体. 以上结果表明：拟南芥遭受Cd胁迫时,SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因通过下调IRT1基因表达从而减少植物对Cd的吸收,同时通过增加内源ABA含量来缓解Cd对植物的毒害.     

Detecting changes in arabidopsis cell wall composition using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) was previously used to characterize lignocellulosic materials, including woody biomass. ToF‐SIMS can acquire both rapid spectral and spatial information about a sample's surface composition. In the present study, ToF‐SIMS was used to characterize the cell walls of stem tissue from the plant model organism, Arabidopsis thaliana. Using principal component analyses, ToF‐SIMS spectra from A. thaliana wild‐type (Col‐0), cellulose mutant (irx3), and lignin mutant (fah1) stem tissues were distinguished using ToF‐SIMS peaks annotated for wood‐derived lignocellulose, where spectra from the irx3 and fah1 were characterized by comparatively low polysaccharide and syringyl lignin content, respectively. Spatial analyses using ToF‐SIMS imaging furthermore differentiated interfascicular fiber and xylem vessels based on differences in the lignin content of corresponding cell walls. These new data support the applicability of ToF‐SIMS peak annotations based on woody biomass for herbaceous plants, including model plant systems like arabidopsis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基质固相分散萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析拟南芥中的赤霉素

建立了基质固相分散萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(MSPD-HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定拟南芥中3种赤霉素GA1, GA3和GA4的分析方法。将拟南芥样品与C18填料混合研磨制成MSPD柱,并采用80%冷甲醇洗脱。采用反相C18色谱柱进行分离,以0.05%甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源负离子模式(ESI~)电离,多反应监测模式检测。对样品前处理条件、色谱分离条件和质谱检测条件进行了优化,结果表明,在最优条件下,3种赤霉素在10～300 ng/g范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.98,检出限在1.1～4.1 ng/g之间。在10～50 ng/g添加水平下,平均回收率范围为54.7%～102.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=3)为3.2%～12.8%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、选择性好、回收率高,适合拟南芥中GA1、GA3、GA4含量的测定。     

Use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry with nozzle-skimmer fragmentation for comprehensive quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana

This study sought to develop techniques for LC/MS-based metabolomics and to verify that an MS/MS spectral tag (MS2T) could be used in practical secondary metabolite profiling. The retention time (RT), precursor ions, and fragment ions generated by nozzle-skimmer fragmentation were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOF-MS) and compared with the MS2T. A standard mix was analyzed with UPLC/TOF-MS under the same conditions as were used to construct the MS2T. The difference in RT for the standards was less than 0.15 min and the average RSD was about 2.8%, suggesting that the analysis was highly repeatable. Both precursor ions and fragment ions were observed when the cone voltage was 75 V. Experimental data and fragmentation pattern in the MS2T annotation list were highly similar. Wild-type and cas-1 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana samples treated with an elicitor were analyzed using UPLC/TOF-MS. Sixty-five peaks were successfully annotated. Fragment ions were observed with nozzle-skimmer fragmentation in 50 of 65 (77%) peaks. The reliability of annotation may have increased as a result of fragment ions. Results of multivariate analysis suggested that cas-1 was related to induction of the biosynthesis of these flavonoids. The devised method facilitated practical secondary metabolite profiling.