模型优适度辨识含水层补给进口的原理、方法和应用

本文阐述了一种新的研究成果——用模型优适度寻找含水层主进水口位置的原理、方法和应用。模型优适度作为衡量地下水模型场势与原型(矿区)场势相似拟合程度的量度,它凭借含水层地下水场势对源点的响应差异,判别模型源点位置与原型源点位置是否一致、接近或偏离。本文给出了模型优适度的计算公式和用统计分析方法对动态矩阵施行标准化的公式推演过程。通过多次模拟试验,绘出优适度的等值线图,为华北某矿圈定含水层补给范围,进行注浆堵水,大大地降低了矿井涌水量,在实践应用中获得初步成功。     

奥灰水文地质条件研究与深部煤炭资源开发

以显德汪井田为例，在剖析奥灰水文地质条件的基础上，从定性与定量两个方面阐述了奥灰水与深部煤炭资源开发的关系，进而提出了奥灰水防治利用的初步设想。     

试论纵弯作用对井筒破裂的影响

本文主要探讨的是深厚表土层中立井井筒受竖向压力及水平力作用而失稳,形成纵向弯曲(内鼓),由此产生的张、剪裂隙随弯曲发展和加剧,在其相互作用下致使井筒破裂,并论证这一看法的可能性。     

Modeling and Analysis of Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Eastern Cap-Bon, Tunisia

A numerical model that treats density-dependent variably saturated flow and miscible salt transport is used to investigate the occurrence of seawater intrusion in the Korba aquifer of the eastern coast of Cap-Bon in northern Tunisia. We examine the interplay between pumping regimes and recharge scenarios and its effect on the saline water distribution. More localized simulations are used to examine, in vertical cross sections, the effects of well location and soil type and the role of the vadose zone in possible remediation actions. The exploratory simulations suggest interesting interactions between the unsaturated zone and the saltwater–freshwater interface with possible implications for groundwater exploitation from shallow unconfined coastal aquifers, involving in one case feedback between seawater intrusion and the high pressure head gradients around the pumping-induced drawdown cone and in another case threshold-like interface displacement for tight soils such as clays. The data processing steps undertaken in this GIS and modeling study are described in some detail, and a critical assessment is given of the data availability and of the requirements for successful monitoring and modeling of seawater intrusion risks in heavily exploited coastal aquifers such as those found in the semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. It is shown how, with the aid of GIS, reasonably reliable information can be assembled from maps, surveys, and other sources of geospatial and hydrogeological data, an approach that is necessary in the many regions of the world with acute water resource problems but with limited means for undertaking systematic data acquisition and environmental monitoring actions. Nonetheless the need for more concerted monitoring of relevant parameters and processes and of closer coordination between monitoring and modeling is stressed. An idea of the extent of over-exploitation of the Korba aquifer is obtained by examining the pumping and rainfall/infiltration data, and the simulation results support groundwater pumping as the mechanism for and seawater intrusion as the origin of the salt contamination observed in the soils and subsurface waters of the Korba plain.     

Saltwater transport in a heterogeneous formation: A case study

Historical information of the hydraulic and salinity aspect, detailed geological information, and information on the physical characteristics of the different layers comprising the formation, are needed for simulating the saltwater transport process in aquifers. In most simulation studies of field situations, there is an inadequacy of data and the modeller has to make justifiable assumptions to analyze a particular situation in order to provide an insight into the problem.A quasi-three-dimensional solute transport model is used to analyze the saltwater encroachment phenomena in aquifers underlying the City of Bangkok; first by calibrating the model's performance with available historical data and then by assessing the extent of future saltwater encroachment with the implementation of the regulatory pumpage to be followed in order to restrict the alarming rate of land subsidence. Model simulation indicates a substantial reduction in the rate of encroachment of the saltwater front with a reduction of pumpage after 1987.     

压缩空气含水层储能系统设计及可行性分析

采用数值模拟方法,以3 MW储能规模为例,建立水平地层埋深800 m、渗透率0.5×10~(-12)m~2的压缩空气地下含水层储能模型,对初始气囊及系统循环过程中压力、气相饱和度、系统循环次数等参数进行分析.结果表明:经历完整一次循环后,地层中压力和气相饱和度变化较小;随着循环的继续,地层中可供储能释能循环的有效气相体积缓慢减少;周循环过程压力变化范围较大,对储能系统要求较高.含水层作为储气库进行压缩空气储能具有可行性,应根据实际地质条件进行相应系统设计.     

深部咸水层二氧化碳沿断层泄漏的运移规律研究

以深部咸水层二氧化碳地质封存为背景,基于多组分多相流运移理论,对咸水层储存二氧化碳沿断层泄漏的运移规律进行研究。建立二维多岩相结构模型,通过数值方法分析二氧化碳在断层通道和上覆岩层中的运移规律,以及运移过程中二氧化碳相态的变化特征,并对断层的渗透率进行敏感性分析。结果表明,深部咸水层二氧化碳在浓度差和压力差作用下沿断层通道向上覆岩层运移。二氧化碳的密度比水小,重力差使二氧化碳受到向上的浮力,因此在岩层中二氧化碳的分布特征整体上呈类似漏斗的形态。随着泄漏的进行,二氧化碳不断驱替断层通道中的水分,密度减小;随着两相流变成单相流,断层通道逐渐被蒸干。此外,断层渗透率是整个泄露过程中流体运移的重要影响因素。     

Integrating Hydrogeochemical and Geophysical Data for Testing a Finite Volume Based Numerical Model for Saltwater Intrusion

In this paper, hydrogeological and geophysical data are used to validate a numerical model developed to predict seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers. The cell-centered finite volume method is adopted here to solve the set of coupled partial differential equations describing the motion of saltwater and freshwater separated by a sharp interface. These equations are based on the Dupuit approximation and are obtained from integration of 3D flow equations for fresh and salt water zones over the vertical dimension. In order to have flexibility upon complex configurations domain, non structured grid meshing is utilized. To approximate the diffusion fluxes, Green-Gauss type reconstruction, based on diamond-cell and least squares interpolation, is performed. The model is first validated using academic test case studies with known closed form solutions. The mathematical model has been calibrated using hydrogeochemical and geophysical data. The geophysical method applied in this study has been a frequency domain electromagnetic method. In this method the apparent electrical conductivity is measured by induction using two separate hand-held transmitter and receiver coils. During the operation the transmitter coil is energized by a low frequency alternating current that radiates an electromagnetic field and the receiver coil detects the resulting field. Taking into account the relationship between the bulk conductivity of the subsoil and the conductivity of groundwater, EM soundings have been interpreted to provide complementary information to hydrogeochemical data to outline the fresh–saltwater interface. This methodology has been applied to the case of saltwater intrusion into the Llobregat delta aquifer, near Barcelona, Spain.     

Anisotropic Wilson element with conforming finite element approximation for a coupled continuum pipe‐flow/Darcy model in Karst aquifers

Numerical method for a coupled continuum pipe‐flow/Darcy model describing flow in porous media with an embedded conduit pipe is considered. Wilson element on anisotropic mesh is used to solve the Darcy equation on porous matrix. The existence and uniqueness of the approximation solution are obtained. Optimal error estimates in L² and H¹ norms are established independent of the regularity condition on the mesh. Numerical examples show the efficiency of the presented scheme. With the same number of nodal points, the results using Wilson element on anisotropic mesh are much better than those of the same element and Q₁ element on regular mesh. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.