向列液晶表面弹性能K13项的物理效应及检验方法

通过解析推导和数值计算的方法，得到了平衡态指向矢满足的微分方程和边界条件.研究了表面弹性能K13项对磁场作用下的弱锚定向列液晶盒Fréedericksz转变性质的影响.结果表明，表面弹性能K13项的存在对液晶系统的自由能有很大的影响，从而改变转变的性质，诱导液晶盒在阈值点发生一级Fréedericksz转变.给出了发生一级转变的物理条件，它除了与液晶的结构和材料有关外，还依赖于液晶表面弹性能K13项，同时给出了由此判断K13项是否存在的检验方法. 关键词： 表面弹性能K13项 弱锚定 Fréedericksz转变     

Koordinative Verankerung von Nickelkomplexen an Hectorit-Schichtsilicaten mit Hilfe langkettiger Diphenylphosphinogruppen

Coordinative Anchoring of Nickel Complexes on Hectorite-Layer Silicates through long-chain Diphenylphosphine Groups The treatment of sodium and calcium hectorites with 2-diphenylphosphinoethyltriethoxysilane leads, by condensation of free hydroxyl groups, to functionalized layer silicates with long-chain diphenylphosphine groups onto which nickel chloride can be coordinated. In these modified hectorites the fourth coordination site of the tetrahedrally coordinated nickel is occupied by a labile solvent molecule. On the other hand, the complex bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyltriethoxysilane)nickel(II) chloride prepared beforehand also reacts with sodium hectorite under condensation; but the square-planar coordination of the four stable ligands (two chloride and two phosphor atoms) is maintained. This finds its expression in a significant activity decrease in catalytic reactions as compared to the aforementioned products.     

宽梁-薄墙肢梁筋直锚节点试验

在宽梁-薄墙肢节点的弹性有限元分析基础上,对近似足尺的2个宽梁-薄墙肢梁筋直锚节点进行了试验,研究了宽梁节点区的受力和变形性能,特别是纵筋的受力、滑移以及节点区的破坏形态.有限元分析和试验表明:宽梁应伸进墙肢一定的长度,以使宽梁截面的弯曲应力沿着梁截面宽度分布均匀,充分发挥宽梁的抗弯能力;位于墙外侧的宽梁上部纵筋锚固环境较差,如果仅仅满足规范规定的锚固长度,不能保证节点的承载力和延性;节点区的宽梁箍筋对于凸出在墙外的宽梁上部纵筋的锚固具有比较重要的作用.如果节点区的宽梁箍筋数量不足,宽梁在节点区将出现较多斜裂缝,使结构的承载力和延性变差.最后还提出了梁筋直锚型节点受力的空间桁架模型.     

喷网锚在加筋土挡土墙加固中的应用

根据山东省淄博市梧台立交桥加筋土挡土墙加固的工程实际,结合理论计算,讨论了高压注浆提高锚固力的原理,提出了局部采用双层钢筋网的喷浆支护方法.结果表明,该加固方法有效地限制了墙体的侧向位移,加固效果良好,适用于失稳挡土墙加固.     

"那"的指称和替代作用在情景中的形式化解释

针对情景对话内容中含有指示代词“那”的语句及与其直接相关的情景 ,首先分析“那”的语义及语用 ,给出逻辑形式 ,并运用情景理论 ,包括情景形成原则及相关公理和推论等 ,在其逻辑形式中加入上下文关系 ,然后根据焦点移动及情景锚定原则 ,分别对情景对话中的“那”的指称和替代作用进行了有效的解释     

锚索应力场分析及其应用研究

针对锚索预应力作用于岩体内形成的应力场状况,利用弹性力学中的Boussinesg解和R.D.Mindlin解,研究处于锚头的岩石是否会由于挤压而产生破坏,锚根附近的岩石是否会由于张拉而发生破坏。通过研究,得出了锚索预应力作用于岩体内各受力部位形成的应力特点;以及为避免群锚效应,锚索应保持的合理间距。将此研究应用于江苏省连云港将军崖岩画的加固工程中,取得了理想的工程效果。     

Effect of an electric field on defects in a nematic liquid crystal with variable surface anchoring

We report experimental studies on defects in a nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy mounted in a cell with perfluoropolymer-coated surfaces. The sample exhibits a discontinuous anchoring transition from planar to homeotropic on cooling at zero or a small electric field, and above a cross-over voltage a continuous ‘inverse Freedericksz transition’, at which the director starts tilting in opposite directions at the two surfaces. Defects of strength ±1/2 are either annihilated or expelled when the director tilts. On the other hand, disclination lines of ±1 which end in partial point defects (boojums) at the surfaces in the planar alignment regime acquire point defects of strength ±1 at the midplane of the cell when the director tilts. At a low enough temperature, the homeotropic anchoring becomes strong, and an electric field above the Freedericksz threshold generates the usual umbilic defects, which follow the dynamic scaling laws found in earlier studies.     

复合土工膜不同锚固方式的力学特性对比研究

复合土工膜作为一种新型的防渗结构体应用于堆石坝工程，效果突出，但是在土工膜的锚固处容易产生应力集中，出现“端部固定效应”．本文结合国外某工程实例，应用商业软件FLAC3D，采用三维显式有限差分法分别对不同锚固方式情况下复合土工膜的应力、变形进行计算分析．结果表明，采用不同的土工膜锚固方式对其受力有一定的影响，在实际工程中，应采用合适的复合土工膜锚固方式改善土工膜的受力状态，减小“端部固定效应”的影响     

Zinc Porphyrins with a Pyridine‐Ring‐Anchoring Group for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Anchoring groups are extremely important in controlling the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The design and characterization of sensitizers with new anchoring groups, in particular non‐carboxylic acid groups, has become a recent focus of DSC research. Herein, new donor? π? acceptor zinc? porphyrin dyes with a pyridine ring as an anchoring group have been designed and synthesized for applications in DSCs. Photophysical and electrochemical investigations demonstrated that the pyridine ring worked effectively as an anchoring group for the porphyrin sensitizers. DSCs that were based on these new porphyrins showed an overall power‐conversion efficiency of about 4.0 % under full sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm^?2).     

A convenient synthesis and the mesomorphic properties of new chiral ferroelectric thiobenzoates

A secondary chiral (R)-(?)-2-alcohol underwent the Mitsunobu reaction with triphenylphosphine, diethyl azodicarboxylate and ethyl 4-hydroxybiphenylcarboxylate, resulting in the desired (S)-(+)-product with high enantiomeric purity (>99% ee), with the chiral branched chain attached to the biphenyl. This method is operationally simple and provides the very important chiral precursor in good yields (62% in dry THF and 72% in dry Et₂O). The condensation of the (S)-(+)-acid chloride from this material and a suitable 4-n-alkylthiophenol in toluene in the presence of pyridine or triethylamine furnishes the chiral (S)-(+)-thiobenzoate liquid crystals in good yields (80–83% in pyridine and 65–68% in Et₃N). (S)-(+)-4-(1-Methylheptyloxy)biphenyl 4-alkylthiobenzoates are abbreviated (S)-MHOBSn , where n varies from 4 to 10 and denotes the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. DSC, polarizing microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the (S)-MHOBSn series possesses a rich phase polymorphism: two highly ordered tilted phases CrG* and SmI*, as well as the ferroelectric smectic C (SmC*) and chiral nematic (N*) phase. In this series, the seldom observed transition between the chiral phases SmI*–SmC* is seen. All the compounds possess stable enantiotropic SmC* and N* phases. The existence of weak intermolecular hydrogen-bonding in (S)-MHOBSn was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy.