具有立方非线性机翼颤振的局部分岔

针对飞机飞行时机翼振动问题，研究了在不可压缩流中有立方非线性刚度二元机翼颤振系统的局部分岔，取空气速度和线性俯仰刚度系数作为分岔参数．采用后继函数法对降维后求得系统分岔点类别进行定性分析，结果表明3个分岔点都为稳定的焦点．对分岔点处中心流形约化方程进行化简得到霍普分岔的A规范形，研究了系统参数对极限环颤振的稳定性及幅值的影响，得到了机翼颤振系统在普适开折参数平面的分岔图．发现了抑制颤振振幅和临界颤振速度大小的系统敏感参数，提出了降低颤振幅值和避免不稳定极限环运动的措施。     

A study of gridless method with dynamic clouds of points for solving unsteady CFD problems in aerodynamics

When solving unsteady computational fluid dynamics problems in aerodynamics with a gridless method, a cloud of points is usually required to be regenerated due to its accommodation to moving boundaries. In order to handle this problem conveniently, a fast dynamic cloud method based on Delaunay graph mapping strategy is proposed in this paper. A dynamic cloud method makes use of algebraic mapping principles and therefore points can be accurately redistributed in the flow field without any iteration. In this way, the structure of the gridless clouds is not necessarily changed so that the clouds regeneration can be avoided successfully. The spatial derivatives of the mathematical modeling of the flow are directly determined by using weighted least‐squares method in each cloud of points, and then numerical fluxes can be obtained. A dual time‐stepping method is further implemented to advance the two‐dimensional Euler equations in arbitrary Lagarangian–Eulerian formulation in time. Finally, unsteady transonic flows over two different oscillating airfoils are simulated with the above method and results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

带环形翼潜体水动力导数的数值计算

在定常、有势、不可压流的前提下,对由回转体、附体围壳、十字翼和环形翼组成的潜体的水动力导数,采用奇点分布法进行了计算.计算中在潜体表面布置源汇和偶极子以模拟厚度影响及升力效应,并探讨了封闭体奇导性问题的解决方法,计算值与试验结果符合良好.在展弦比相同时,环翼升力线斜率是平面无后掠翼的两倍.     

机翼翼型廓线的单圆弧拟合与数控加工

本文给出一种用单圆弧拟合方法,以解决用数控线切割机模拟加工飞机机翼型廓线问题.     

A local domain‐free discretization method for simulation of incompressible flows over moving bodies

This paper presents a local domain‐free discretization (DFD) method for the simulation of unsteady flows over moving bodies governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The discretization strategy of DFD is that the discrete form of partial differential equations at an interior point may involve some points outside the solution domain. All the mesh points are classified as interior points, exterior dependent points and exterior independent points. The functional values at the exterior dependent points are updated at each time step by the approximate form of solution near the boundary. When the body is moving, only the status of points is changed and the mesh can stay fixed. The issue of ‘freshly cleared nodes/cells’ encountered in usual sharp interface methods does not pose any particular difficulty in the presented method. The Galerkin finite‐element approximation is used for spatial discretization, and the discrete equations are integrated in time via a dual‐time‐stepping scheme based on artificial compressibility. In order to validate the present method for moving‐boundary flow problems, two groups of flow phenomena have been simulated: (1) flows over a fixed circular cylinder, a harmonic in‐line oscillating cylinder in fluid at rest and a transversely oscillating cylinder in uniform flow; (2) flows over a pure pitching airfoil, a heaving–pitching airfoil and a deforming airfoil. The predictions show good agreement with the published numerical results or experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical experiments with several variant WENO schemes for the Euler equations

Numerical experiments with several variants of the original weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) schemes (J. Comput. Phys. 1996; 126 :202–228) including anti‐diffusive flux corrections, the mapped WENO scheme, and modified smoothness indicator are tested for the Euler equations. The TVD Runge–Kutta explicit time‐integrating scheme is adopted for unsteady flow computations and lower–upper symmetric‐Gauss–Seidel (LU‐SGS) implicit method is employed for the computation of steady‐state solutions. A numerical flux of the variant WENO scheme in flux limiter form is presented, which consists of first‐order and high‐order fluxes and allows for a more flexible choice of low‐order schemes. Computations of unsteady oblique shock wave diffraction over a wedge and steady transonic flows over NACA 0012 and RAE 2822 airfoils are presented to test and compare the methods. Various aspects of the variant WENO methods including contact discontinuity sharpening and steady‐state convergence rate are examined. By using the WENO scheme with anti‐diffusive flux corrections, the present solutions indicate that good convergence rate can be achieved and high‐order accuracy is maintained and contact discontinuities are sharpened markedly as compared with the original WENO schemes on the same meshes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于通用型线和网格重构的风力机翼型设计

现有翼型表达大都基于控制点和初始成熟翼型,设计空间小因而不利于选出高性能翼型.基于Joukowski保角变换通用翼型形线表征形式,编程集成ICEM和FLUENT完成翼型生成、大变形网格重构、边界条件生成和流场解算,采用改进遗传算法进行高升阻比风力机翼型多学科联合设计.结果表明本平台设计的翼型在设计、非设计工况下以及主要攻角范围内有较高升力系数和升阻比.该型线集成表达和流场计算多学科设计方法,也为类似气动优化设计提供参考.     

翼型绕流不同频率展向振荡电磁力减阻控制实验研究

研究结果表明展向振荡电磁力可控制湍流边界层,电磁力的振荡频率对湍流的控制效果有影响,但并未讨论电磁力振荡频率对控制效果的影响机理。实验研究了不同频率展向振荡电磁力控制翼型绕流的减阻效果及其影响机理。实验在转动的水槽中进行,在翼型的背风面包覆展向振荡电磁力激活板,并将其浸入水槽中,利用应变传感器测量翼型的阻力,基于意法半导体公司生产的微处理器开发电磁力控制器,用于控制电磁力的方向和振荡频率。研究结果表明展向振荡电磁力对翼型绕流具有减阻效果,对比分析了不同频率的展向振荡电磁力的减阻效果,发现电磁力的振荡频率为20 Hz时减阻效果较优,减阻效率可达到18%;展向振荡电磁力可减小翼型阻力的振动幅值,具有减震功能;当电磁力的振动频率与阻力曲线内小波动频率相近时,电磁力的减阻减震的效果最佳。     

Buffeting in transonic flow prediction using time‐dependent turbulence model

In transonic flow conditions, the shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction and flow separations on wing upper surface induce flow instabilities, ‘buffet’, and then the buffeting (structure vibrations). This phenomenon can greatly influence the aerodynamic performance. These flow excitations are self‐sustained and lead to a surface effort due to pressure fluctuations. They can produce enough energy to excite the structure. The objective of the present work is to predict this unsteady phenomenon correctly by using unsteady Navier–Stokes‐averaged equations with a time‐dependent turbulence model based on the suitable (k–ε) turbulent eddy viscosity model. The model used is based on the turbulent viscosity concept where the turbulent viscosity coefficient (Cμ) is related to local deformation and rotation rates. To validate this model, flow over a flat plate at Mach number of 0.6 is first computed, then the flow around a NACA0012 airfoil. The comparison with the analytical and experimental results shows a good agreement. The ONERA OAT15A transonic airfoil was chosen to describe buffeting phenomena. Numerical simulations are done by using a Navier–Stokes SUPG (streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin) finite‐element solver. Computational results show the ability of the present model to predict physical phenomena of the flow oscillations. The unsteady shock wave/boundary layer interaction is described. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Validation of adaptive unstructured hexahedral mesh computations of flow around a wind turbine airfoil

In this paper we investigate local adaptive refinement of unstructured hexahedral meshes for computations of the flow around the DU91 wind turbine airfoil. This is a 25% thick airfoil, found at the mid‐span section of a wind turbine blade. Wind turbine applications typically involve unsteady flows due to changes in the angle of attack and to unsteady flow separation at high angles of attack. In order to obtain reasonably accurate results for all these conditions one should use a mesh which is refined in many regions, which is not computationally efficient. Our solution is to apply an automated mesh adaptation technique. In this paper we test an adaptive refinement strategy developed for unstructured hexahedral meshes for steady flow conditions. The automated mesh adaptation is based on local flow sensors for pressure, velocity, density or a combination of these flow variables. This way the mesh is refined only in those regions necessary for high accuracy, retaining computational efficiency. A validation study is performed for two cases: attached flow at an angle of 6° and separated flow at 12°. The results obtained using our adaptive mesh strategy are compared with experimental data and with results obtained with an equally sized non‐adapted mesh. From these computations it can be concluded that for a given computing time, adapted meshes result in solutions closer to the experimental data compared to non‐adapted meshes for attached flow. Finally, we show results for unsteady computations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.