斜投影-子空间夹角算法快速分析农药中阿维菌素

采用斜投影-子空间夹角算法快速分析农药中阿维菌素的含量。用斜投影算法从阿维菌素对照品中提取阿维菌素B_(1a)纯光谱数据,用子空间夹角判据计算农药中阿维菌素的含量。阿维菌素的质量浓度在4~14μg/mL范围内与用斜投影法提取的阿维菌素B_(1a)纯光谱吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9994。斜投影-子空间夹角算法加标回收率在98.80%~101.67%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%(n=6)。用该方法与高效液相色谱法对同一样品进行测定,两种方法测定结果相接近,相对误差小于2.20%。该方法满足快速检测农药中阿维菌素含量的分析要求。     

降解阿维菌素耐高温菌株AZ11的分离及降解特性

阿维菌素生产过程中会产生大量废弃药渣,由于农药残留的存在,极大地限制了药渣的资源化利用。从长期堆放的阿维菌素药渣中分离到1株对阿维菌素降解较好的菌株AZ11,经16s rDNA序列分析鉴定为嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌（Bacillus stearothermophilus）。研究结果表明,该菌在摇瓶振荡培养条件下72 h对阿维菌素标准品的降解率可达到776%,大于40 ℃的温度条件更适宜其生长,具有较好的蛋白酶和纤维素酶活性。该菌株可用于阿维菌素发酵废渣固体堆肥中,实现药渣的资源化、无害化利用。     

环境友好型微胶囊悬浮剂的研制

采用预乳化-乳液聚合法制备了3种农药微胶囊制剂:20%(质量分数)毒死蜱微胶囊、2.5%(质量分数)氯氟氰菊酯微胶囊和1.8%(质量分数)阿维菌素微胶囊;采用激光粒度仪分析了3种微胶囊的粒径均小于1.2μm,且分散均匀;3种制剂的热贮、冷贮稳定性符合农药行业要求;制剂中不含苯及其衍生物助剂,无刺激性气味,可降低对人、畜的接触毒性,是一种环境友好型的农药新剂型。     

UPLC-MS/MS同时测定蔬菜中阿维菌素等5种常用农药残留量

建立了同时测定蔬菜样品中阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)、吡虫啉、茚虫威及代森锌残留量的超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)。样品经0.1%氢氧化钠溶液(含10 mmol/L L-半胱氨酸和10 mmol/L EDTA-Na2)预处理后,以乙腈作为提取溶剂,经0.2 g C18+0.05 g石墨化碳(GCB)基质分散固相萃取净化。各待测物经Thermo Hypersil BDS C18(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行分离,以10 mmol/L氨水-乙腈作流动相梯度洗脱,串联质谱法对5种农药残留量进行测定。结果表明,代森锌在50~2 000μg/L范围内,另4种农药在5~200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.995 1~0.999 9。在0.5~500μg/kg加标浓度下,豆角、辣椒、青菜、黄瓜、芦笋、蕃茄中5种农药的加标回收率为70.8%~103.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.5%~13.9%;代森锌的检出限为8.2~30μg/kg,定量下限为27~100μg/kg,其余4种农药的检出限为0.02~0.7μg/kg,定量下限为0.07~2.3μg/kg。方法快速准确、经济实用,可满足日常检测的需要。     

三种季酮酸类对柑桔红蜘蛛室内毒力测定及田间药效试验

测试3种季酮酸类药剂对脐橙上柑桔红蜘蛛的室内毒力和田间药效。结果表明：柑桔红蜘蛛对螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯和螺虫乙酯三种药剂对的敏感性远低于阿维菌素,以田间喷施不同药剂2d后以阿维菌素的防效最高,螺虫乙酯为最低且差异显著。7d后螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯和阿维菌素的防效无显著差异,但这三种药的防效仍然显著高于螺虫乙酯。而到14d后,四种药剂的防效相当,无显著差异。     

Multi-Residue Analysis of Avermectins in Bovine Liver and Muscle by Liquid Chromatography–Fluorescence Detector

A simple multi-residue analysis method for the quantitative determination of eprinomectin, abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin in bovine tissues was developed. The tissue sample was extracted with acetonitrile, followed by clean-up on a C₁₈ solid phase extraction cartridge. The eluate was derivatised before being analyzed by HPLC coupled to a fluorescence detector. The method was validated using bovine liver and muscle fortified with the drugs at 0, 5, 10 and 50 ng g⁻¹. The mean recoveries of the four drugs were 70.31–87.11% in liver and 79.57–93.65% in muscle, with relative standard deviations below 17.84% in liver and 14.68% in muscle. The limits of detection were between 0.5 and 1.0 ng g⁻¹ and the limits of quantification were 1–2 ng g⁻¹ in bovine tissues for the four drugs.     

生物杀线虫剂-0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂的研制

用转动包衣造粒法研制一种新剂型的生物杀线虫剂-0．5％阿维菌素颗粒剂。初步研究了黏结剂、吸附剂、分散剂、包衣时间及筒体充填度等因素对产品制备工艺的影响，确立了最佳配方并测定了其质量技术指标。田间药效试验表明，该颗粒剂对胡椒根结线虫具有较好的防治效果，用量75kg／hm^2时，药后60d，防效能保持在95％以上。     

The Binary Mixtures of Lambda-Cyhalothrin,Chlorfenapyr, and Abamectin,against the House Fly Larvae,Musca domestica L.

The house fly Musca domestica L. is one of the medical and veterinary pests that can develop resistance to different insecticides. Mixing insecticides is a new strategy for accelerating pest control; furthermore, it can overcome insect resistance to insecticides. This study aims to evaluate three insecticides, chlorfenapyr, abamectin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, individually and their binary mixtures against 2nd instar larvae of M. domestica laboratory strain. Chlorfenapyr exhibited the most toxic effect on larvae, followed by abamectin then the lambda-cyhalothrin. The half-lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) values were 3.65, 30.6, and 94.89 ppm, respectively. These results revealed that the high potentiation effect was the mixture of abamectin/chlorfenapyr in all the mixing ratios. In contrast, the tested combination of lambda-cyhalothrin/abamectin showed an antagonism effect at all mixing ratios against house fly larvae. The total protein, esterases, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P-450 activity were also measured in the current investigation in the larvae treated with chlorfenapyr. Our results indicate that GST may play a role in detoxifying chlorfenapyr in M. domestica larvae. The highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase was achieved in treated larvae with chlorfenapyr, and an increase in cytochrome P-450 activity in the larvae was observed post-treatment with Abamectin/chlorfenapyr.     

Simultaneous analysis of three avermectins in soils by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A simple and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the determination of abamectin B_1a (ABA B_1a), emamectin B_1a (EMA B_1a) benzoate and ivermectin H₂B_1a (IVM H₂B_1a) in soils. The avermectins (AVMs) residues were extracted from soils with acetonitrile/water (9?:?1, v/v) and then were purified on C₁₈ solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. After being derivatised by N-methylimidazole (N-MIM) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), the residues of three AVMs were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The method was validated in terms of system suitability, linearity, selectivity, precision, recovery, specificity and stability. There was a good linear relationship (R ^2?>?0.99) for three AVMs ranged from 0.01 to 5?µg?mL^?1. The LOD and LOQs of ABA B_1a, EMA B_1a benzoate and IVM H₂B_1a for standard solutions were 1.1–1.7 and 3.6–5.7?µg?L^?1 respectively. The accuracy of AVMs in soils was from 83.7 to 115.5% with precision less than or equal to 12.4%. Using the developed method, 9 soil samples with 9.3–12806.3?µg?kg^?1 of AVMs residues had been detected.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水体沉积物中阿维菌素的残留量

建立了水体沉积物中阿维菌素残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。沉积物样品采用超声微波萃取、固相萃取净化。待测物通过Thermo-C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)分离,乙腈∶乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲液∶水混合溶液(75∶10∶15,体积比)为流动相洗脱,大气压化学电离-多反应负离子监测模式检测,内标法定量。通过加入内标物甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲基盐并采用基质加标标准曲线进行校正。研究表明,阿维菌素的线性范围为1.6～400μg/L,相关系数(r2)达到0.999 3。不同浓度加标样品的相对标准偏差(n=3)为2.2%～16.2%,方法的检出限为0.18 ng/g(干重)。野外样品检测显示,HPLC-MS/MS方法与衍生化-液相色谱/荧光检测法的分析结果相当,但前者更灵敏、简便,适用于沉积物中痕量阿维菌素残留的测定。