Coupling of thermal desorption in modified closeable sampling columns with wide-bore capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometric detection

In contrast to usability of Curie-point pyrolysis at 700°C directly attached to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for determination of organic wood preservatives in waste wood samples the investigation method reported here consists of thermal desorption at temperatures about 260°C in connection with GC-MS for peak identification or GC with flame ionization detection for quantitative analyses. So-called “modified closeable sampling columns” are used as batch-reactor in thermal desorption experiments. Desorbed vapours can be introduced on capillary columns without sample discrimination and without a disturbing lost of resolution. In this manner a lot of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determinated in waste wood samples, especially in railway sleepers.     

Critical evaluation of global mechanisms of wood devolatilization

Thermogravimetric data on the devolatilization rate of beech wood are re-examined with the aim of incorporating the effects of high heating rates (up to 108 K min⁻¹) in the global kinetics. The mechanism consisting of three independent parallel reactions, first-order in the amount of volatiles released from pseudo-components with chief contributions from hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, is considered first. It is found that the set of activation energies estimated by Gronli et al. [M.G. Gronli, G. Varhegyi, C. Di Blasi, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41 (2002) 4201-4208] (100, 236 and 46 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively) for one slow heating rate results in very high deviations between predicted and measured rate curves. The agreement is significantly improved by a new set of data consisting of activation energies of 147, 193 and 181 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. In this case, the overlap is reduced between the reaction rates of the three pseudo-components whose chemical composition is also modified. In particular, instead of a slow decomposition rate over a broad range of temperatures, the activity of the third reaction is mainly explicated along the high-temperature (tail) region of the weight loss curves. The performances of more simplified mechanisms are also evaluated. One-step mechanisms, using literature values for the kinetic constants, produce large errors on either the conversion time (activation energy of 103 kJ mol⁻¹) or the maximum devolatilization rate (activation energy of 149 kJ mol⁻¹). On the other hand, these parameters are well predicted by two parallel reactions, with activation energies of 147 and 149 kJ mol⁻¹.     

A new route for the functionalisation of wood through transesterification reactions

A novel transesterification reaction between acetylated maritime pine sapwood (Pinus pinaster Soland) and methyl benzoate (MB), in the presence of dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) as a catalyst, was performed. Reaction was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance cross-polarisation with magic-angle spinning (NMR CP MAS) analysis: signals corresponding to benzoylated wood were identified and, when transesterification was performed with ethyl trimethylsilylacetate (ETMSA), characteristic trimethylsilyl groups were detected. The acetyl/benzoyl exchange rate was found to increase with increasing amount of DBTO, temperature and reaction time and a concurrent deterioration of the woody material was evidenced.     

马尾松蓝变木材中长喙壳属的两个新种

鉴定和描述了马尾松蓝变木材中长喙壳属的两个新种:松生长喙壳(Ophiostoma pinicola G. H.Zhao sp. nov.)和木生长喙壳(Ophiostoma lignicola G. H. Zhao sp. nov.)的形态特征。     

稳态热流计法导热仪测试人造板导热系数

叙述了稳态热流计法导热仪测试人造板导热系数的原理和方法，讨论分析和比较了两种人造板的测试结果。结果表明：稳态热流计法导热仪具有稳定时间短、测试方便等优点，可用于测定固体材料、纤维材料和多孔隙材料的导热系数。     

超大型弧形剪力墙、梁施工设计研究

介绍超大型弧形剪力墙、弧形梁的应力分析,结构设计,精确定位,模板设计,混凝土的浇筑等施工设计技术,确保工程的顺利完工。     

面向21世纪的中国木材工业

木材工业是林业体系的支柱产业,木材工业的发展状况决定着整个林业体系的建设和发展。笔简要回顾了２０世纪中国木材工业所取得的进展,分析了当前我国木材工业存在的不足,提出２１世纪中国木材工业的发展思路。２１世纪我国的木材工业是一个具有高科技含量、拥有自主知识产权、涉及多领域的特色产业。     

激光散斑干涉法测木材的弹性模量

<正>激光散斑干涉法是继激光全息干涉术之后发展起来的一种精密、简便的光测力学新方法。散斑干涉对于测定粗糙表面的面内位移特别灵敏,故用它来测定木材的抗拉弹性模量。     

杉木纤维用材优良无性系的选择

对杉木无性系生长性状、木材基本密度和管胞长度的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明，无性系间树高、胸径、材积、木材基本密度和管胞长度存在显著至极显著差异。5个性状（树高、胸径、材积、木材基本密度和管胞长度）都受中等强度的遗传控制，无性糸重复力分别为0．771，0．651，0．566，0．529和0．495。树高、胸径和材积与木材基本密度、管胞长度间以及木材基本密度与管胞长度间呈遗传负相关。通过多性状综合指数选择选出2个纤维用材优良无性系。     

两级压缩高温热泵木材干燥的研究

研制出可以实现单级、双级两级压缩的木材高温热泵干燥试验装置,介绍了两级压缩木材高温热泵干燥试验装置的设备组成及工作原理,用马尾松进行了木材干燥试验.结果表明:该试验装置的节能效果显著,平均能量回收率可达28%以上;采用该装置进行的木材干燥过程中的含水率、温度、湿度变化与常规干燥趋势一致.