麦饭石对香烟诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核的抑制作用

研究了中华麦饭石浸液对香烟烟雾水溶物引起的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响。结果表明，中华麦饭石浸液能显著降低由香烟烟雾水溶物引起的微核率，可能具有减轻由吸烟引起遗传损伤的作用。此外对上述结果的意义进行了讨论。     

Quantification of phytochelatins in plants by reversed-phase HPLC–ESI–MS–MS

An on-line HPLC–ESI–MS–MS method has been developed for determination of glutathione and phytochelatins (PC) in plant tissues. For sample pretreatment, dithiothreitol (DTT) must be added at the very beginning, as an anti-oxidant. Optimization of instrumental conditions i.e. composition of HPLC mobile phase, ionization efficiency of the electrospray interface, and MS–MS detection in the multiple ion-monitoring mode, are the central aspects of this work. A polystyrene-packed column was found to be superior to a standard silica-packed reversed-phase column. A concave quadratic gradient of ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile was found to be optimum. The limits of quantitation were 0.2 mol kg^–1 plant tissue for glutathione and PC. The method has been applied to analysis of tissue samples from Vicia faba grown in Cd-containing nutrient solutions.Dedicated to the memory of Wilhelm Fresenius     

玄武湖水、金川河水诱发的蚕豆根尖细胞微核

玄武湖、金川河分别是南京著名的风景地和重要的环城河流，多年来玄武湖、金川河的水质污染越来越引起人们的重视．南京市内不少工厂的工业废水及居民的大量生活污水流入其中，特别是有毒物质，包括酚、苯、汞、氰化物、直链烷基苯磺酸钠、有机磷等．这些物质对人体健康的远期效应倍受人们关注．为此对玄武湖水、金川河水引起蚕豆根尖细胞染色体损伤所产生微核的情况进行了研究，就二处水样对生物体的致突变性及对人体健康的潜在危害进行了讨论     

蚕豆品种间过氧化物酶同工酶的初步研究

实验采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对来源于不同地域的四个蚕豆品种同一时期不同器官的过氧化物酶同工酶进行了初步研究，结果表明：供试蚕豆的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱明显地分为慢带区和快带区；不同品种同一器官以及同一品种不同器官间的同工酶酶谱间翥存在不同程度的差异；蚕豆品种间的同工酶酶谱能够真实地反映它们在遗传基础上的差异程度。这对于蚕豆的亲缘关系分析、蚕豆杂交育种的亲本选配、品种鉴定等理论研究、遗传育     

内蒙古野豌豆属7种2变种染色体核型研究

本文研究了内蒙古野豌豆属7种2变种的染色体核型,其中Vicia pseudorobus,V.costata,V.gi-gantae,V.japonics,V.amaena ver.oblangifotia的核型为首次报道;同时对该属的染色体基数与核型之间的关系进行了讨论,认为其染色体基数与核型组成及结构特征之间具有一定相关性.     

Involvement of nitric oxide in the signal transduction of salicylic acid regulating stomatal movement

The effects and the relationship between sali-cylic acid(SA)and nitric oxide(NO) on Vicia faba L.stomatal movement were studied.The results here showed that exogenous SA and NO induced stomatal closure,100μmol/L SA induced a rapid and striking NO increase in the cytosol of guard cells.This phenomenon was largely prevented by 2000μmol/L 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide(PTIO),a specific NO scavenger,and 25μmol/L N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME),an inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS) in mammalian cells that also inhibits plant NOS.In addition,SA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by PTIO and L-NAME.These results provide evidence that guard cells generate NO in response to SA via NOS-like activity,and that such NO production is required for full stomatal closure in response to SA.H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ),an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase,and nicotinamide,an antagonist of cADPR production,inhibited the effects of SA-and NO-induced stomatal closure.It suggests that both cGMP and cADPR might mediate the signal transduction of SA and NO-induced stomatal closure.     

蚕豆根尖微核技术检测金属冶炼厂废水污染状况

以滇东某金属冶炼厂废水出水口、距出水口2公里处和8公里处水样,并参照已测定的该厂所排废水中铜、锌、锰、铅和镉5种金属离子的含量配制溶液再稀释100和1000倍后的水样,共5个水样处理蚕豆根尖,用微核技术检测该厂废水污染状况.结果表明:该厂排放废水污染程度随着与出水口距离的增加有所减轻;此外,除稀释1000倍水样外,其他水样均为重污染或中度污染,单因素方差分析和多重比较结果显示,除稀释1000倍水样外,其他测试水样处理结果与对照均有极显著差异(P<0.01).     

不同时期遮光对蚕豆根瘤生长及产量的影响

试验研究了不同时期遮光对蚕豆根瘤生长及根、茎、叶、花荚和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在高光照条件下,有利于蚕豆根瘤的形成,根瘤衰亡期推迟,而遮光导致蚕豆根瘤数量减少,根瘤衰亡速度加快;遮光后对根瘤分布的影响,表现在侧根上的根瘤数量比例增大,主根上的根瘤数量比例降低,从而影响根瘤的整体固氮效率。在蚕豆各生育时期,开花结荚和鼓粒期遮光对蚕豆根瘤生长的影响最大,植物器官叶和茎干物质重显著增加;根、花和荚果干物质重显著降低。     

饮用水的诱变性与肝癌的风险

应用蚕豆根尖微核技术研究了肝癌高发区的扶绥县饮用水的诱变性与肝癌发病的关系。结果表明，检测３２份不同饮水类型的饮用水（饮用塘水、塘边井水、井水、河水和自来水）中有１２份饮用塘水和２份塘边井水能明显诱导蚕豆根尖核率增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），而井水、河水和自来水所诱发的蚕豆根尖微核率与对照组则无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示该县饮用塘水中存在染色体畸变的物质，此类物质在各种饮水类型的水样中所诱发的蚕豆根尖     

低浓度二氧化硫引起蚕豆叶片过氧化氢累积及几种清除剂变化的研究

低浓度ＳＯ２（０．２６０、０．１３１ｍｇ／ｍ３）处理蚕豆植株，引起叶片内Ｈ２Ｏ２含量升高，Ｈ２Ｏ２含量的升高与ＳＯＤ活性升高有关。同时体内清除Ｈ２Ｏ２的过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性上升，而抗坏血酸含量下降。