Relative position determination of a lunar rover using high-accuracy multi-frequency same-beam VLBI

Multi-frequency same-beam VLBI means that two explorers with a small separation angle are simultaneously observed with the main beam of receiving antennas. In the same-beam VLBI, the differential phase delay between two explorers and two receiving telescopes can be obtained with a small error of several picoseconds. The differential phase delay, as the observable of the same-beam VLBI, gives the separation angular information of the two explorers in the celestial sphere. The two-dimensional relative position on the plane-of-sky can thus be precisely determined with an error of less than 1 m for a distance of 3.8×105 km far away from the earth, by using the differential phase delay obtained with the four Chinese VLBI stations. The relative position of a lunar rover on the lunar surface can be determined with an error of 10 m by using the differential phase delay data and the range data for the lander when the lunar topography near the rover and the lander can be determined with an error of 10 m.     

Determination of the controlled landing trajectory of Chang’E-1 satellite and the coordinate analysis of the landing point on the Moon

Based on the tracking observations of radio ranges and VLBI delays of Chang’E-1 (CE-1) satellite during the controlled landing on the Moon on March 1, 2009, the landing trajectory and the coordinates of the landing point are determined by positioning analysis. It is shown that the landing epoch (the emission epoch of the last signal) of CE-1 satellite on the Moon was at UTC8h13m6.51s. The lunar longitude, latitude and surface height of the landing point in the lunar primary axes frame are respectively 52.27...     

A Recent Application of Detection and Estimation Practices in Radio and Radar Astronomy

Very-long-baseline-interferometry tests of the exploding Quasar 3C-279 show conclusively the presence of two components that are moving apart at six times the speed of light. These truly super-light velocities of material objects are shown to be consistent with a cosmological distance of 3 billion light years and a sub-light Einsteinian abstract mathematical velocity of 0.95C. Supposed difficulties in accepting the results of these tests are resolved.     

Corrections to the IAU 1976 precession constant and the coefficients of the IAU 1980 nutation series from VLBI observations

In the aspect of examination by observations and based on a longer data span and improved precision of very-long baseline interferometry observations, the corrections to the IAU 1976 precession constant and the coefficients of IAU 1980 nutation series are solved. The corrections to coefficients of long periodic terms, the detection of the retrograde free core nutation, and the poesible relation between the corrections to coefficients of the prograde annual term and the enviromental temperature are also briefly discussed.     

对银河系中心超大质量黑洞候选体Sgr A*的VLBI观测研究

位于银河系中央的极其致密的非热射电源Sagittari8us A^*（Sgr A^*），被公认为最佳的超大质量黑洞候选体，其质量约为400万个太阳质量。甚长基线干涉测量（BLBI）技术以其独有的高空间分辩率为我们提供了唯一可以探讨Sgr A^*位于几个史瓦西（Schwarzschild）半径区域内天体物理性质的手段。介绍了对 Sgr A^*的VLBI研究现状和最新进展，着重论述了毫米波和亚毫米波VLBI观测对研究Sgr A^*的辐射区域的真实形状和大小，以及探索其结构随时间变化的重要性。Sgr A^*无疑是检验广义相对论将就的亚亮米波VLBI实验的最佳目标。     

Precise determination of the reference point coordinates of Shanghai Tianma 65-m radio telescope

A local survey was implemented at the newly constructed Shanghai Tianma 65-m radio telescope. In this article, the survey implementation and data analysis are described. Particularly, by application of coordinate transformation, dimensionality reduction and step fitting of parameters, as well as adoption of reliability test measures of parameters, the mathematical model of data analysis is simplified, the detrimental effects of observation noises and unevenly spatial coverage of sample points are effectively compressed, the stability and precision of parameter solutions are improved, and so the geocentric three-dimensional coordinates of the reference point of this telescope in the precision of millimeters were determined, and the axisoffset was shown not significant on the precision level of 3 mm. The outcome provides important reference to the subsequent activities of antenna maintenance and scientific application, including the establishment of precise antenna orientation model, orientation guidance, fringe searching in data cross-correlation, analysis and application studies of VLBI observations. It is also important archive data for monitoring possible subsidence and lateral displacement of antenna foundation as well as deformation of antenna tracking-rail and structure.     

基于同波束VLBI差分相时延的“玉兔”月球车动作监视分析

2013年12月14日嫦娥三号成功在虹湾着陆区软着陆,后续开展两器分离、两器互拍等任务.本文利用同波束VLBI技术同时观测着陆器和月球车发射的信号,解算含整周模糊度的差分相时延(Differential Phase Delay),监视着陆器和月球车两器分离和两器互拍等过程的月球车各种动作.同时,研究和分析月球车行走、转弯、晃动、高程变化等动作导致的差分相时延变化,发现同波束VLBI差分相时延监视月球车动作的灵敏度在50–100 mm之间,后续利用差分相时延变化趋势进行相对定位.同波束VLBI技术在后续的探月三期、火星探测、金星探测等双目标、多目标探测中也将发挥重要作用.     

一种ΔDOR算法的初步实现

ΔDOR(双差分单向测距)技术是一种广泛应用于深空探测的测角技术.中国VLBI(甚长基线干涉测量)网目前使用互相关方法实现ΔDOR技术,然而在信号的信噪比很低时,使用基于互相关方法的相关处理机进行时延测量会有弱信号处理能力不足的局限性.随着更遥远距离的深空探测的推进,对弱信号求时延将成为必然的任务需求.本文将高性能三阶锁相环作为测量信号的频率和相位的基本模块,并由此推导了一种弱信号处理能力较强的基于本地相关的ΔDOR算法.该算法避免了传统本地相关方法中本地模型信号与含噪信号进行互相关运算时引起的算法性能损失问题,同时算法更为简洁.对天问一号数据求残余群时延间接验证了本文提出的算法的可行性,为进一步发展高性能ΔDOR技术提供了一种方案.