威灵仙及其伪品的FTIR法直接鉴定

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）法，借助OMNI采样器直接测定了中药材威灵仙及其伪品华东菝葜、山木通和毛柱铁线莲的红外光谱，结果发现正伪品的红餐光谱差别较大。因此FTIR法可以直接、快速、准确地对威灵仙与其伪品华东菝葜、山木通和毛柱铁线莲进行区别鉴定。     

Tasumatrols P – T,Five New Taxoids from Taxus sumatrana

The phytochemical investigation of the more polar fractions from the leaves and twigs of Taxus sumatrana (Taxaceae) afforded five new taxane diterpene esters, tasumatrols P–T ( 1 – 5 ) possessing an 11(15→1),11(10→9)‐diabeotaxane skeleton. Compounds 1, 4 , and 5 contain an α‐hydroxy group at C(14), while 3 has no OH group at either C(13) or C(14). Compound 2 is a natural 4,5‐acetonide derivative, while 4 has an unusual spiro‐connected 2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolane ring. Ten known taxoids, were also isolated in the course of the chromatographic fractionation. Five additional new O‐acetyl derivatives 3a, 4a, 4b, 5a , and 5b were prepared from the taxanes 3 – 5 . The structures of all new compounds were established on the basis of their spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 showed mild cytotoxic activity against human Hela and Daoy tumor cells.     

Optimization of the extraction of paclitaxel from Taxus baccata L. by the use of microwave energy

A simple and rapid microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure was developed and optimized for the extraction of paclitaxel (Taxol) from the needles of yew trees Taxus baccata L. grown in Iranian habitats. The samples, immersed in a methanol-water mixture, were irradiated with microwaves in a closed-vessel system. The method was evaluated using a factorial design approach based on parameters such as extraction time, temperature, methanol concentration in water (v/v), and the ratio of grams of sample to 10 mL of solvent. Statistical treatment of the results revealed that the selected parameters were all significant except the extraction time. Optimum conditions would be 1.5 g samples in 10 mL solvent (90% methanol), an extraction temperature of 95 degrees C, and an extraction time of 7 min. The extracts has been analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (LC/UV) at 227 nm for quantification. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for confirmation. The main advantage of the proposed MAE method versus conventional solvent extraction (CSE) are the considerable reductions in time (7 min versus 16 h) and in solvent consumption (20 mL versus 150 mL). The MAE procedure yielded extracts that could be analyzed directly without any preliminary clean-up or solvent exchange steps. Both extraction methods show RSDs lower than 10% and lead to comparable recoveries of paclitaxel (87-92%).     

南方红豆杉扦插繁殖技术研究Ⅱ.穗条对扦插生根率的影响

本文系统研究了南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensisvar.mairei)扦插育苗中穗条来源对生根率的效应。结果显示,采条母树龄、穗条年龄和穗条采自的树冠部位均对扦插生根率影响较大。本研究3年龄实生苗优于胸径10-20 cm的母树,后者又优于胸径30-40 cm的母树,胸径50 cm以上的最差,且差异显著。在母树龄和树冠部位一样的条件下,1年龄穗条的生根率显著高于2年龄穗条,树冠中部穗条优于上部,下部穗条生根率最低。采用3年龄实生苗为采条母树,并采集树冠中部的1年龄穗条,其最高生根率可达98.7%。研究结果为扦插繁殖中穗条的选择提供科学依据。     

曼地亚红豆杉枝叶制备紫杉醇浸膏的优化工艺及中试条件的选择

以曼地亚红豆杉枝叶为材料制备紫杉醇浸膏, 对紫杉醇的提取条件进行优化选择, 结果表明: 实验室条件下, 乙酸乙酯与丙酮体积比为1∶1, 先用超声波提取25 min, 然后在100 r/min, 50 ℃条件下加热振荡提取3 h, 重复提取4次即可. 同时对曼地亚红豆杉之枝叶中紫杉醇的提取进行了中试条件探索, 结果表明: 利用95%工业酒精作为提取溶剂, 在减压回流提取的条件下, 每次提取3 h, 重复4次即可基本将紫杉醇完全提取出来.     

中国红豆杉悬浮细胞培养动力学的研究

考察了中国红豆杉悬浮细胞培养中细胞生长的动态变化，培养基中主要营养成分的消耗，细胞的氧消耗速率，以及次级代谢产物紫杉醇的生产状况。实验结果表明，细胞比生长速率为０．１２９／ｄ，紫杉醇的积累与细胞生长呈部分相关在，培养静止期达到高峰。     

贵州红豆杉资源利用与保护

中国红豆杉属植物贵州有１种１变种，分布于省内各地，生产黔东北黔东南，本文阐述了贵州红豆杉的分类及生态地理分布，讨论了资源的合理利用与保护。     

层流剪切力对悬浮培养红豆杉细胞HMGR酶基因转录的影响

以HMGR酶基因为研究对象,采用实时荧光RT-PCR技术,研究了Couette式反应器中0．3 Pa层流剪切力作用后悬浮培养的对数期东北红豆杉细胞HMGR酶基因转录情况．结果显示,在对数生长时期,未经剪切处理的悬浮培养虹豆杉细胞HMGR基因转录水平呈增长趋势,而剪切处理后的悬浮培养红豆杉细胞HMGR基因转录水平则基本保持不变．同时,对相应细胞生物量的测定结果也显示出类似的变化．以上结果说明在对数生长时期施加一定强度的剪切力,将使细胞生长发生停滞,谊生长停滞现象可能与因剪切所引起的HMGR基因转录水平下降有一定相关性．     

南方红豆杉气生不定根的解剖结构及发育

对自然状态下南方红豆杉茎干向下萌生的气生不定根进行解剖学观察.结果表明:气生不定根具有以下结构特征和发育特点:(1)根为二原型,侧根正对着木质部发生;(2)幼根内皮层细胞具凯氏带加厚,维管柱内紧挨中柱鞘内侧具有2~4层大型薄壁细胞;(2)根中无髓和树脂道;(4)次生结构发生于根毛区,维管形成层由初生木质部和初生韧皮部之间的薄壁细胞转化形成;(5)中柱鞘和栓内层细胞富含单宁类物质;(6)次生韧皮部有石细胞,次生木质部射线发达.     

Studies on lignan constituents from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n)) method has been developed for the detection and analysis of lignan constituents in the methanol extract from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS(n)) have been applied to investigate the characteristic product ions of four lignan reference compounds. Then, the logical fragmentation pathways of the lignans have been proposed. By comparing the retention time (t(R)) of HPLC, the ESI-MS(n) data and the structures of analyzed compounds with the data of reference compounds and in the literature, 11 peaks in HPLC have been unambiguously identified and another 5 peaks have been tentatively identified or deduced. Also, in the present paper, the extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) have been used to analyze the lignan isomers. The experimental results demonstrate that RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) is a specific and useful method for the identification of the lignan constituents and their isomers.