Mutation scanning analysis of genetic variation within and among Echinococcus species: Implications and future prospects

Adult tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae) occur in the small intestines of carnivorous definitive hosts and are transmitted to particular intermediate mammalian hosts, in which they develop as fluid‐filled larvae (cysts) in internal organs (usually lung and liver), causing the disease echinococcosis. Echinococcus species are of major medical importance and also cause losses to the meat and livestock industries, mainly due to the condemnation of infected offal. Decisions regarding the treatment and control of echinococcosis rely on the accurate identification of species and population variants (strains). Conventional, phenetic methods for specific identification have some significant limitations. Despite advances in the development of molecular tools, there has been limited application of mutation scanning methods to species of Echinococcus. Here, we briefly review key genetic markers used for the identification of Echinococcus species and techniques for the analysis of genetic variation within and among populations, and the diagnosis of echinococcosis. We also discuss the benefits of utilizing mutation scanning approaches to elucidate the population genetics and epidemiology of Echinococcus species. These benefits are likely to become more evident following the complete characterization of the genomes of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis.     

中国狭伪蝎属1新种(伪蝎目:木伪蝎科)

记述了采自我国西藏的木伪蝎科狭伪蝎属1新种:波密狭伪蝎 Stenohya bomica sp.nov.,并给出了详细的鉴别特征及结构特征图.模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆.文中测量单位为mm.     

Epitypification： should we epitypify？

Epitypification can solve many taxonomic problems and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families or orders. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how to epitypify. A few examples where taxa have been epitypified are considered and the benefits and disadvantages of epitypification are discussed. We also outline some examples of taxa which need to be epitypifled with reasons.     

Revised Bloom's taxonomy and integral calculus: unpacking the knowledge dimension

In this paper, the knowledge dimension for Revised Bloom's taxonomy (RBT) is unpacked for integral calculus. As part of this work, the 11 subtypes of the knowledge dimension are introduced, and through document analysis of chapter 4 of the RBT handbook, these subtypes are defined. Then, by consulting materials frequently used for teaching integral calculus, each subtype is exemplified. The developed dimension may enable or enhance opportunities for dialogue between lecturers, teachers, and researchers about how to develop and align educational objectives, teaching activities, and assessments in integral calculus, or how metacognition and metacognitive knowledge could be used to support teaching and learning.     

Taxonomy构建及应用的现状调查与分析

为了全面了解Taxonomy的发展现状,从TaxonomyWarehouse中抽取了119个英文分类词表,从主题范围、编制语种、应用形式、应用范畴等方面分析了其构建现状及应用特点。     

苹果属植物分类学研究进展

对苹果属植物分类学250年研究简史进行回顾,评述了各主要分类系统,以及实验分类学对苹果属系统研究的作用和当前研究概况,认为植物化学分类学和分子系统学方法是苹果属系统研究的重要辅助证据,苹果属植物分类系统尚不完善,需要参照更多实验证据,同时做更深入的分析。另外,在分析苹果属系统演化路线的基础上,赞同中国云南东南部、广西西南部和老挝北部及越南北部地区是苹果属植物起源中心的论断。     

A new approach for separating low-molecular-weight RNA molecules by staircase electrophoresis in non-sequencing gels

Low-molecular-weight (LMW) RNA profiles, which include ribosomal and transfer RNA molecules with similar small sizes, are molecular signatures of microorganisms with a great potential in microbial identification. The greatest resolution of these profiles was achieved by staircase electrophoresis in sequencing gels. Nevertheless, this technique is difficult to use because it takes 7 h, the gels have large sizes and it is necessary to heat the system and to recycle the buffer to maintain the denaturing conditions and avoid smile effects. Most available sequencing slabs have no internal temperature control or homogenizing devices, which by contrast are present in some newly designed non-sequencing slabs. Nevertheless, these slabs present two important problems for separating LMW RNA molecules, the size of gels is only 20 cm (instead of 40 cm) and the maximum voltage that can be reached is only 840 V (instead 2400 V). Staircase electrophoresis follows a model in which the external polarization is incrementally modified with a constant time step value. In the present work, we experimentally confirmed that by reducing the time step and increasing the total number of steps a suitable resolution is achieved. Under these conditions, despite the smaller size of the gels and the lower values of the electric field, the intensity reaches higher values than in sequencing gels and the LMW RNA profiles are correctly separated in 5 h. The resolution of these profiles obtained in non-sequencing gels is similar to that obtained in sequencing ones facilitating the analysis of large populations of microorganisms in any laboratory.     

贵州葛藤属（豆科）植物的修订

葛藤属为豆科植物。约１７－２０种，分布于热带亚洲至日本，中国有９种。本文首次修订葛藤属黔产种，主要报道该分布于贵州一些被误订和混乱的种，贵州计有７种，即丽花葛；野葛；甘葛，越南葛；萼花葛；食用葛；苦葛；而峨嵋葛；和三裂叶野葛为存凝种。     

观光木和云南含笑精油化学成分的研究和比较

用GC／MS方法,定性定量地分析了观光木（TsoongiodendronodorumChun）和云南含笑（Micheliayunnanensis）精油的化学成分,分别鉴定出30个和36个化合物．两种精油化学成分比较,相差较大．该研究可能为这两种植物的分类学提供一定的化学依据,