Influence of atmospheric ice nucleus concentrations on cold cloud radiant properties and cold cloud reflectivity changes in past years

CLOUD CAN INFLUENCE GLOBAL RADIATIVE BALANCE TO A LARGE EXTENT.ITS RADIATIVE FORCING CAN BE VERY IMPORTANT TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE[1,2].CLOUD HAS BOTH UMBRELLA EFFECT AND WARM HOUSE EFFECT.NET RADIATIVE FORCING OF CLOUD IS THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO EFFE…     

TOMS和OMI紫外辐照度数据的对比研究

臭氧总量测绘分光仪(TOMS)和臭氧总量测绘分光仪(OMI)是两个重要的已成功发射且涉及到紫外辐射波长的传感器,为紫外研究工作提供了重要的数据信息。但由于两者紫外产品的反演过程有资料和算法的一些区别使其在同一天的正午地表紫外辐射数据有一定差异,这使通过它们进行长时间尺度上的紫外辐射时空变化分析的精度和准确性受到一定影响。本文通过对相同时间段的两者正午地表紫外辐射数据进行对比分析,找到一个简单可行的方法使两者差异明显缩小。结果表明通过变换OMI紫外辐射值相对于TOMS紫外辐射值差异基本上调整到±10mW/m₂之间,说明该方法可以应用到后续OMI紫外数据上以便结合TOMS紫外数据进行整体紫外辐射时空变化研究。     

我国春季大气沙尘气溶胶分布和短波辐射效应的数值模拟

利用已建立的区域气候模式与大气化学模式耦和的模拟系统 ,在气候模式中引入了起沙机制 ,同时建立了与气候模式连接的沙尘气溶胶输送模式 ,模拟沙尘的输送、扩散、沉降等过程 .通过对 1 998年 4月的模拟 ,分析得到中国地区沙尘气溶胶的主要源区分布情况、沙尘的浓度分布特点和光学厚度特征 ,并且将一次沙尘暴个例与同期卫星观测的气溶胶指数分布做了对比 .进一步模拟了沙尘气溶胶辐射效应 ,发现沙尘气溶胶能减少地面的辐射净收入 ,使南方的大气辐射收入减少 ,使北方的大气辐射收入增加 .由于沙尘气溶胶对辐射的削弱使地面气温有显著降低     

面向高光谱大气臭氧传感器的多观测几何条件下紫外辐射模拟及对TOMS V8算法臭氧初值估算模型改进与评价

新型高光谱大气臭氧传感器大多计划搭载地球静止轨道平台,其对大视场范围和时间范围内的臭氧总量提取提出了更高的需求。TOMS V8算法在低轨卫星大气臭氧传感器得到广泛的应用和发展,但其在大观测几何条件下的提取精度不足,因此如何提高TOMS算法在新型传感器上的提取精度是当前亟待解决的问题。利用MODTRAN大气辐射传输模型模拟了晴空场景TOMS算法标准廓线各观测几何条件下的地球紫外后向散射辐射,分析了各观测几何条件下后向散射辐射亮度与臭氧总量拟合模型,并根据模型拟合精度情况,得到了不同观测几何条件下后向散射辐射随臭氧总量的变化关系,提出了改进的臭氧总量初值估算模式。对改进模式与传统模式的臭氧总量初估结果表明,传统模式依赖于指数模型的拟合精度,而改进模式依赖于对数模型的拟合精度,指数模型和对数模型均表现出高的拟合精度,但对数模型的拟合精度比指数模型在整个臭氧浓度范围内平均高约0.9%。改进模式使臭氧总量初估的总体精度得到改善,RMSE降低约0.087%～0.537%,并且在较大观测几何和臭氧总量低值区（175～275 DU）间则更加显著。在臭氧总量低值区间以及较大观测天顶角和太阳天顶角条件下,改进模式具有更高的估算精度和更大的适用范围。该改进的臭氧总量初值估算模式可为日后TOMS算法的更新提供支持和参考依据。     

Long-term trend in aerosol optical depth from 1980 to 2001 in north China

Using the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer （TOMS） monthly aerosol optical depth （AOD） at 500 nm data from 1980 to 2001 in north China, the spatial and temporal variations of AOD were examined. Seasonal AODs in Taklimakan Desert were 0.69 and 0.44 in spring and summer, respectively, which were mainly due to frequent occurrences of dust events in this region. Dust activities in spring also led to high aerosol loading in Gobi Desert and in northeast China where spring AODs were 0.33 and 0.29, respectively. Heavily impacted by events such as volcano eruption, forest fires and extraordinary dust storms, AODs showed large inter-annual variations. A decreasing tendency in AOD was observed in north China during 1980-1991, though a reverse tendency was revealed during 1997-2001, especially for spring AOD in northeast China. Further study is required to figure out how much human activities have contributed to the AOD tendency in north China.     

Long-term trend in aerosol optical depth from 1980 to 2001 in north China

Using the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) monthly aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm data from 1980 to 2001 in north China, the spatial and temporal variations of AOD were examined. Seasonal AODs in Taldimakan Desert were 0.69 and 0.44 in spring and summer,respectively, which were mainly due to frequent occurrences of dust events in this region. Dust activities in spring also led to high aerosol loading in Gobi Desert and in northeast China where spring AODs were 0.33 and 0.29, respectively. Heavily impacted by events such as volcano eruption, forest fires and extraordinary dust storms, AODs showed large inter-annual variations. A decreasing tendency in AOD was observed in north China during 1980-1991, though a reverse tendency was revealed during 1997-2001, especially for spring AOD in northeast China. Further study is required to figure out how much human activities have contributed to the AOD tendency in north China.     

COMPARISON OF SIMULATING MINERAL DUST AEROSOLS IN EAST ASIA BY TWO EMISSION SCHEMES

Two common surface-dust emission schemes using critical wind speed and friction velocity were compared with the regional climate model RegCM3 in East Asia. In the comparison, transport of mineral dust and its distribution were simulated from March to April, 2001. Simulation results were also compared with TOMS aerosol index, showing that obvious differences exist in dust emission quantity and its column burden simulated by the dust emission schemes of friction velocity and wind speed criteria. The results obtained by the wind speed criterion are higher than that by friction velocity, bringing forth the problem whether or not the dust emission scheme matches the model. The obvious difference in the two schemes also explains the uncertainty of simulating mineral dust aerosol by modeling.