槐花米提取物对尿素酶的抑制活性

采用靛酚法研究了槐花米的乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷提取物对尿素酶的抑制作用，证实3种提取物均对尿素酶有明显抑制作用，IC₅₀分别是2.63，1.90，0.53 g/L.通过动力学研究阐明了提取物对尿素酶的抑制行为是可逆的混合型抑制，动力学常数K_i分别为0.32，0.22，0.084 g/L.首次阐明了槐花米中含有尿素酶抑制成分，为槐花米具有健胃、养胃的功效提供了一种理论解释.     

内蒙古苦豆子Sophoraalopecuroides生物碱成分及分离研究

用薄层扫描法测定了内蒙古苦豆子中主要生物碱的含量，真空液相层析法分离总碱得八种结晶。其中七种已知生物碱。通过熔点、薄层定性、红外、核磁等理化分析比较确认为槐果碱、苦参碱、槐定碱、槐胺碱、氧化苦参碱、金雀花碱和Ｎ－甲基金雀花碱。晶（１）经ＩＲ，￣１ＨＮＭＲ及ＭＳ谱表征，初步认为是槐定碱的Ｎ－氧化物，是首次从国产苦豆子植物分离得到．     

五种豆科植物的核型分析

报道了五种豆科植物的染色体数目及核型,结果如下:苦马豆(Swainsonia salsula Taub.)的核型公式为2n=2x=16=2m 8sm 6st;野小豆(Phaseolus minimus Roxb.)为2n=2x=22=18m 4sm;总状花序山蚂蝗(Desmodium spicatum Rehd.)为2n=2x=22=12m(2SAT) 10sm;圆菱叶山蚂蝗(Desmodium podocarpum DC.)为2n=2x=22=16m 6sm;狼牙刺(Sophora viciifolia Hance)为2n=2x=18=10m 8sm。五种植物的染色体数目均为首次报道。     

越南槐与多叶越南槐的叶形态研究

【目的】为了快速准确鉴别越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.)与其变种多叶越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.var.polyphylla S.Z.Huang et Z.C.Zhou),对这两个物种的叶形态特征进行比较研究。【方法】通过性状鉴别法和显微鉴别法,对越南槐和多叶越南槐的叶形态进行观察和比较,并利用扫描电镜和体式显微镜分别对叶脉和叶片表皮进行显微观察和微形态研究。【结果】越南槐和多叶越南槐的叶形态可从叶片形状、叶片大小、叶片数目、叶被毛、叶脉的一级脉和二级脉、叶片表皮的蜡质和角质层等特征加以区别。【结论】叶片数目和叶被毛为首要分类性状,可快速鉴别越南槐和多叶越南槐的成年植株;叶脉和叶表皮的微形态可以作为较好的分类和鉴别依据,再结合其他形态特征可准确鉴别包括幼年植株在内的越南槐和多叶越南槐;本文结果支持《广西中药材标准》(1990年版)及《全国中草药汇编》(1996年版)中对中药材山豆根基源种越南槐和多叶越南槐的划分。     

Determination of sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone in rat plasma by UHPLC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

This study aimed to develop and validate a simple and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone in rat plasma by using rutin as the internal standard. Then, the developed method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone in rats after dosing the flavonoid extract from Sophora flavescens. Plasma samples were processed using a liquid–liquid extraction procedure with ethyl acetate. The analysis was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring with an electrospray ionization source in negative ionization mode. Quantitative ion transitions of m/z 423.2→161.2, 437.2→161.1, and 609.3→300.3 were monitored for sophoraflavanone G, kurarinone, and rutin, respectively. The calibration curves of the two analytes exhibited good linearity (r²>0.9923) over the range of 0.1–200 ng/mL for sophoraflavanone G and 0.1–1000 ng/mL for kurarinone. Relative standard deviations were less than 13.2% for the intra‐ and inter‐day precisions and no more than 12.6% for the recovery, showing good precision and satisfactory accuracy of the developed method. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone after a single intravenous (25 mg/kg) and oral (500 mg/kg) administration of the flavonoid extract from S. flavescens, and the absolute bioavailability for sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone was about 36 and 17%, respectively.     

苦豆子7种生物碱对椰心叶甲的生物活性

室内测定了苦豆子7种生物碱对椰心叶甲3龄幼虫的拒食及毒杀作用,结果表明:苦豆子7种生物碱对椰心叶甲3龄幼虫均具有明显的拒食作用,其中以苦豆碱的活性最高,处理后24 h和48 h的拒食率分别为90.35%和93.27%(1 mg/mL)。毒杀试验显示野靛碱和苦豆碱的毒杀作用要优于其他生物碱,处理后第9天的校正死亡率均达到100%。此外,苦豆子7种生物碱对椰心叶甲还有一定的杀卵作用,野靛碱和苦豆碱在处理后第5天的卵孵化率均小于12%(2 mg/mL)。     

槐属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

综述了2008—2016年报道的槐属植物的化学成分及生物活性,槐属植物中主要含有生物碱类和黄酮类等活性成分,具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎、抗增殖、抗病毒、镇痛等较强的药理活性,有广阔的应用前景,值得深入研究.     

Determination of Matrine and Oxymatrine in Sophora Flavescens by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Ion Trap-Mass Spectrometry

A simple, rapid, and sensitive nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-ion trap-mass spectrometry (NACE-ESI-IT-MS) method was developed for determination of matrine and oxymatrine in Sophora Flavescens and medicinal preparations. The conditions for NACE separation and MS detection were systematically optimized. The optimum NACE buffer contained 30 mM ammonium acetate, 1% acetic acid, and 15% acetonitrile in methanol and the applied voltage on separation capillary was set at 25 kV. Berberine was selected as internal standard. In order to generate a stable electrospray, a sheath liquid (isopropanol/H₂O, 2/1, v/v) was used, which could also boost the flow through the ESI needle. The matrine and oxymatrine solutions were introduced into MS detection by a syringe pump for collecting the MSⁿ spectra to investigate the main fragment ions and its possible cleavage pathways. Both matrine and oxymatrine showed good linearity in the concentration ranges from 0.5 to 400 µg/mL, with linear correlation coefficient R > 0.99 and the limit of detections were 37.5 ng/mL for matrine and 50.0 ng/mL for oxymatrine, respectively. The recoveries at different content of Sophora Flavescens were 98.3%–102.9% for MT and 95.3%–100.6% for OMT, which indicates the reliability of this method.     

苦参凝集素的色氨酸残基修饰与荧光光谱研究

苦参凝集素（SFL）经等电聚焦测得其等电点为5.56,用比色法测得每分子SFL含有3个色氨酸残基,经N-溴代丁二酰亚胺（NBS）修饰表明其中2个Trp残基位于分子表面,当这2个Trp残基补修饰后,SFL的凝血活性完全丧失,糖保护试验表明,SFL专一性抑制糖Man能够保护SFL,阻断NBS对SFL的修饰作用,说明色氨酸不仅是SFL凝血活性所必需的,而且还参与其糖结合部位的组成,SFL随着NBS的逐渐修饰,其内源荧光光谱亦相应发生变化,结果表明分子表面的2个Trp残基可能位于分子的疏水袋中,而另一个Trp残基则埋藏于分子内部,荧光淬灭研究表明,丙烯酰胺能淬灭87%色氨酸残基的荧光。     

苦参中黄酮类化合物的电喷雾质谱研究

采用电喷雾多级串联质谱对苦参中黄酮类化合物二氢黄酮及二氢黄酮醇类化合物的特征质谱行为进行了研究.实验结果表明,两类化合物在电喷雾多级串联质谱条件下均可以在C环发生开环断裂,但断裂的位点不同;两类化合物生成的碎片离子也有很大差异,提出了由二氢黄酮醇类化合物C环上3位连接的-OH所诱发的不同反应过程的质谱碎裂机理.