论汉语的人文性与对外汉语教学

语言的人文性是指语言所蕴涵的文化内涵。与西方语言相比较,汉语的人文性尤为突出。多年来,我们的教学法研究主要集中在宏观研究即方法论层面的理论研究,或者侧重微观研究即操作层面的教学技巧研究,而对于中观层面的教学模式研究鲜有涉及。本文从介绍汉语的人文性特点入手,提出了从汉语各层面的文化因素研究对外汉语教学的几种思路。     

I.I. Rabi: The Two Cultures and the Universal Culture of Science

I set forth and discuss I.I. Rabis views on the nature of science and society, focusing specifically on Rabis views on science and government, science and education, and science and religion. I also explore the influence of Rabi and C.P. Snow on each other. In the 1960s, Rabi set forth his mature and boldest positions, advocating science as the center of education and science as the replacement for religion. His positions culminate in science as the universal culture. I highlight Rabi not only as a scientist and public servant, but also as a public intellectual actively engaged with and connected to major issues of his time.Michael A. Day is Professor of Physics at Lebanon Valley College. He holds doctorates in both physics and philosophy.     

在田野中追寻教育的文化性格——人类学学者访谈之二十七

教育人类学作为人类学的分支学科 ,田野工作的方法也是其重要研究方法 ,在多民族国家中 ,应实施“多元文化整合教育” ,其目标是培养既能保持自我文化认同又能适应 2 1世纪的具有跨文化意识态度和行为的全球人。     

论清末政府阶层中西文化观的两种形态

为学界所忽视的政府阶层的中西文化观,在清末主要有两种形态：中西会通、中不如西。其中的中西会通思想,樊增祥所著《樊山政书》是很好的解读文本,樊增祥的中西会通思想主要包括通中西之邮以开民智、对西学中的六种错误行为的批判及中西之间的中庸等内容。至于中不如西思想,孙宝？在《忘山庐日记》中有详细的表白,这包括经济、政治、文化及军事等多个方面。     

中西神话的文化精神

从神话的视角考察中西文化,我们可以看到诸多相似之处,也可以看出中西文化巨大的差异,如守道与冒险、包容与排异等。正是这种差异造就了中西方各自灿烂的文化,使得中西文化在相互启发、相互补充中引人深思。     

佛教在美国的传播与发展

随着近代科学技术的大发展和国际交往的频繁,文化交流的速度和规模都有了极大的提高．东西方文明呈现出人类历史上前所未有的激荡和融合。美国作为西方世界的代表,为20世纪佛教在西方的传播提供了一个大舞台,使承载着东方文化传统的佛教具有了向世界范围内传播的新起点．佛教在美国传播的百余年历史可以划分为四个阶段,在不同的阶段中,佛教传播的轨迹以及所发生的作用和影响也各不相同。当代的美国佛教已进入了多元化的发展态势。佛教不仅作为世界性的宗教,更作为东方文化的载体,在20世纪美国的传播为东西方文明的对话和交往做出了重要的贡献。     

攻金之工修火之利——评《新疆哈密地区史前时期铜器及其与邻近地区文化的关系》

潜伟新著《新疆哈密地区史前时期铜器及其与邻近地区文化的关系》分析论证细致,逻辑严密,高度关注了原料——技术——产品及三者之间的密切关系和有机联系,通过铜器的科技考古分析得出的对诸考古文化的研究成果,与传统考古学的判断和结论接近,为考古文化因素分析提供了新的材料和解释模式,结论有创见和深度的剖析。全书贯穿了对当代考古学解释物质文化最具挑战性的思考,在方法论上努力尝试科技考古与传统考古学的结合。     

Application of SPE for the HPLC analysis of taxanes fromTaxus cell cultures

Summary Solid phase extraction (SPE) methods are studied for the sample pretreatment for HPLC analysis ofTaxus cell suspension cultures. Various types of SPE materials were tested for the extraction of both the taxane standards and samples of various origin. Comparison between the different cartridges and the different elution solvents are made in terms of extraction recovery and sample clean-up. Selective elution of the taxanes is achieved by a gradient elution scheme.     

Semisynthetic derivatives of haemanthamine and their in vitro antiproliferative activity evaluation against a panel of human cell lines

In this study, a new series of aliphatic, cyclic, and heterocyclic derivatives of haemanthamine was designed and synthesized to enhance its inhibitory effect on the proliferation and viability of cancer cells. A library of haemanthamine derivatives was subjected to 10 μM single-dose cytotoxicity screening against a panel of human cell lines of various histotypes. Initial cytotoxicity evaluation of the parent haemanthamine (1) and a series of twenty-nine (2–30) semisynthetic analogues showed that for some of the newly formed derivatives, a certain cytotoxic effect was observed, in one case even higher than that of the parent compound. Specifically, 11-O-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoyl)haemanthamine (21) showed an enhanced antiproliferative effect, where the mean growth percent (GP) value was 5% compared to haemanthamine, leading to a decrease in the GP to 25%. Among ten cell lines tested, derivative 21, bearing a substituted aromatic ester bond via C-11 of haemanthamine, had excellent activity for inhibiting the growth of HeLa (IC₅₀ = 0.2 ± 0.1 μM), A549 (IC₅₀ = 1.7 ± 0.1 μM) and HT-29 (IC₅₀ = 2.2 ± 0.1 μM) cells. When evaluating response kinetics, we found that 21 and haemanthamine dose- and time-dependently suppressed the proliferation of A549 cells. In contrast to haemanthamine (1), Trypan blue and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay revealed that 21 was capable of reducing the survival of A549 cells.