评王恕的人事铨选观

王恕是明中叶有宿德重望的大臣。文章对《王端毅奏议集》中的人事铨选理论有较详细的述评。     

Single chain force spectroscopy - Reading the sequence of HP protein models

We study the elastic properties of single A/B random copolymer chains, with a specific sequence and use them as theoretical model for so called HP proteins. HP proteins carry hydrophilic (P) and hydrophobic (H) monomers. We predict a rich structure in the force-extension relations which can be attributed to the information in the sequence. The variational method is used to probe local minima on the path of stretching and releasing for the chain molecules. At a given force, we find multiple configurations which are separated by energy barriers. A collapsed globular configuration consists of several domains which unravel cooperatively. Upon stretching, the unfolding path shows a stepwise pattern corresponding to the unfolding of each domain. While releasing, several cores can be created simultaneously in the middle of the chain, resulting in a different path of collapse. The long-range interactions and stiffness of the chain simplify the potential landscape given by the disorder in sequence. Received 5 March 2002 / Received in final form 16 May 2002 Published online 13 August 2002     

Compact Single-Stage Femtosecond Multipass Ti：Sapphire Amplifier at 1 kHz with High Beam Quality

A compact femtosecond Ti：sapphire amplifier system is reported using single-stage multipass configuration with high beam quality. A high dispersion glass stretcher and a pair of double prisms for compression are introduced based on broadband femtosecond seed pulses. The non-grating-based pulse stretcher and compressor are advantageous to increase high beam quality and to reduce the high-order dispersion. A Gaussian filter is used to reduce the gain narrowing effect in amplification. The compact femtosecond Ti：sapphire nine-pass amplifier delivers pulses with a duration of 26 fs and an energy of 800μJ at 7mJ pumping pulses energy at I kHz. The 1-kHz femtosecond amplifier with high beam quality and high stability is very suitable for ultrafast physics research applications, such as attosecond science, ultra-precision micromachining, and THz wave generation.     

Paramagnetic defects in BaTiO3 and their role in light-induced charge transport — Optical studies

On the basis of a previous identification of paramagnetic defects in nominally undoped as grown BaTiO₃ single crystals, we have investigated the changes of the concentrations of these centers and their optical absorptions under illumination with light of varying wavelengths. The most pronounced charge transfers occur by hole ionization of Fe⁴⁺ and — to a lesser extent — of Cr⁵⁺ and Cr⁴⁺. At low temperatures the created holes are trapped in the form of O^–-ions next to Al³⁺ or unknown acceptor defects. Corresponding Fe⁴⁺ and O^– absorptions have been identified.     

东方文化神韵交响曲——谈韩国电视剧《大长今》的艺术魅力

韩剧的热播已成为一个不争的事实,它几乎成了韩国对外交流的一扇窗口。在影视产业竞争日益激烈的今天,韩剧异军突起,其成功的原因何在?本文以《大长今》为个案,着重在题材选择、文化内涵、艺术性和商业性的完美结合等方面来探讨其为何如此吸引中国观众,以期对我国的影视剧创作带来些许启示。     

Adsorption on stepped substrates

An analysis is given of the behavior of an interface above a stepped substrate in the presence of an external pinning potential for the lattice solid-on-solid (SOS) interface model in 2D. Step-free energy including step-step interaction free energy is calculated, for large step separation. It is found it vanishes at temperatures lower thanT _w (wetting transition temperature), which is different from the case having only one step on a substrate where, as it is well known, step-free energy vanishes at the wetting transition.     

Discovery of eclogite at northern margin of Qaidam Basin, NW China

Eclogite was first discovered at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin in this study. It occurs as pods in the gneiss sequence of Middle to Upper Proterozoic age and is mainly composed of garnet, omphacite, phengite and rutile. The garnets contain 44%-62% of almandine, 15%-33% of grossular and 12%-30% of pyrope molecules, and the omphacites contain 40%-46% of jadeite. Applying garnet_clinopyroxene thermometry and jadeite geobarometry, the peak conditions of eclogite facies metamorphism occurred at about (722±123)℃ and at the pressure of up to c. 22 ×10 8 Pa.     

Subpicosecond pulse generation in synchronously pumped and hybrid ring dye lasers

Subpicosecond pulse generation has been examined in synchronously pumped mode-locked ring dye laser systems. These include hybrid and composite absorber/gain media arrangements as well as a simple synchronous cavity. The shortest pulses recorded were 0.3 ps for the hybrid system, and this has been shown to be critically dependent on the positioning of the absorber jet in the centre of the cavity to better than 50 m. Stable operation for subpicosecond pulse generation has been achieved in the ring configuration with greater wavelength tunability and higher average power conversion efficiency than with conventional cavity arrangements.     

菏泽以"曹"名地考

周建曹国之先，今菏泽域内便有一个曹邑。曹姓子民在此经营开拓，繁衍生息。五六百年后，武王灭纣，始封曹国，因之，菏泽以“曹”名地当始于商初。