An investigation into the self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) of superconducting ceramics by thermal methods

The SHS route is based on the well-known thermite reaction, in which a strongly exothermic reaction can sustain itself and propagate in the form of a combustion wave until the reactants have been completely consumed. The successful application of the method to the synthesis of superconducting ceramics of stoichiometry RBa₂Cu₃O_y (R=Y, Er, Yb) is reported. The 123 phase was obtained when pellets of R₂O₃, BaO₂ and Cu metal in the correct proportions were dropped into a heater held at 800°C in an oxygen atmosphere and left there for only 10 minutes. Thermal methods (DSC and DTA) are excellent techniques with which to investigate the dependence of the reaction on heating rate, atmosphere and starting composition.     

Synchrotron diffraction studies of TiC/FeTi cermets obtained by SHS

TiC/FeTi composites have been obtained in situ by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) of an intimate mixture of compacted powders of elemental carbon, titanium and iron. The reaction has been followed in real time by X-ray diffraction at the ESRF. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed in terms of the formation of a liquid phase corresponding to the eutectic of the Fe/Ti system prior to the TiC synthesis. Temperatures of reaction have been estimated by correlating thermal expansion coefficients with diffraction peaks shifts. The microstructures obtained by this method, suitable for cutting tools and wear resistant applications, are presented.     

TiAl自蔓延高温合成反应的机理

用燃烧波淬熄法研究了大颗粒Ti粉和Al粉制备TiAl金属间化合物的自蔓延高温合成反应机理.通过电镜观察和能谱分析发现:反应过程可用毛细铺展 界面反应机制解释.熔融的Al在整个反应过程中起着主要作用,首先熔融的Al液通过Ti粉间的毛细管作用以薄膜的形式铺展在Ti粉表面,并在接触面生成TiAl3.反应放出的热量有利于加速反应的进行,促使TiAl3与Ti进一步反应生成TiAl.但是生成的TiAl3层阻碍了Al液与Ti粉的接触,制约了反应的进行.最后,在试样中可以同时看到完全反应的Ti粉和未完全反应的Ti粉.     

铝粉度对自蔓延高温合成AlB2-Al2O3复合粉体的影响

以金属Al粉和B2O3粉为原料,采用自蔓延高温合成法(SHS)制备AlB2-Al2O3复合粉体.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪分析手段,对所制得的复合粉体进行了表征.研究了Al粉粒度(100目、300目和600目)对自蔓延高温合成方法制备AlB2-Al2O3复合粉体的燃烧学、相组成及微观结构的影响.结果表明:铝粉粒度越小,燃烧温度越高、燃烧波速度越快,复合粉体中AlB2相含量增加,实验测得600目铝粉反应的燃烧温度为2060K,燃烧波速度为2.08 mm/s.复合粉体以AlB2和Al2O3为主晶相,显微结构为数量较少、粒径约5μm的AlB2粉弥散分布于粒径约2 μm的Al2O3和Al的混合粉中.     

自蔓延高温合成及其复合材料新工艺的研究

由自蔓延高温合成技术制取的材料普遍具有孔隙率大的特点，而把ＳＨＳ工艺和熔融金属渗入技术结合可以制得致密度高的复合材料，复合材料性能测试结果表明，硬度提高了４４ＨＢ，相对耐磨性提高了８２％。     

碳化铬金属陶瓷熔覆层的组织及性能研究

利用自蔓延高温合成（ＳＨＳ）熔铸技术将碳化铬的高温熔体铺展在平面样品的钢表面上，从而形成厚度为几毫米的熔覆层。为克服碳化铬与底材的润湿问题，采用与Ｆｅ有良好互溶性的Ｃｒ作为润湿功能层。在此基础上，使Ｃｒ－Ｃ合金层中的碳作阶梯改变，从而获得了梯度熔覆层结构，采用氮气加压（１００ＭＰａ）和预热工艺（３００℃）等措施，控制反应燃烧温度，改善熔体流动性，增大熔渣分离速度，有利于提高熔覆层表面平滑程度。以９５０℃盐水循环激冷实验评价熔覆层与底材结合强度。结果表明，循环次数大于４０次时仍未出现剥落迹象。研究认为，良好的结合强度来源于界面间强烈的治金作用以及梯度成分分布。     

（TiO_2－Al－C）－（Ti－C－Ni）复合体系的自蔓燃热力学分析

研究了Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｎｉ系添加剂对（ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｃ）－（Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｎｉ）复合体系化学反应热力学特性的影响。结果表明，单位质量热效应△Ｈ与Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｎｉ系在复合体系中所占质量比ｋ之间存在着严格的线性关系，其斜率仅由Ｎｉ在Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｎｉ系中所占质量比γ决定，而截距为一常数，等于ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｃ单位质量热效应。当γ＜γ０＝４５．７９％时，Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｎｉ可提高其绝热燃烧温度。当γ＝０．１时，复合体系绝热燃烧温度基本上随添加量ｋ增加而呈线性增加。     

自蔓延高温合成锰锌铁氧体粉料

采用内氧化剂KClO3,在常压空气中自蔓延高温合成锰锌铁氧体粉料.粉料性能用XRD、SEM、VSM等表征,讨论了燃烧合成的影响因素.结果表明:当反应放热供氧系数m为0.54、反应控制放热系数k为0.6、燃烧合成速度为1.93mm·s-1、燃烧温度为1593K时,可制备性能优良的锰锌铁氧体粉料,其比饱和磁化强度为64.44A·m2·kg-1,比剩磁强度为1.349A·m2·kg-1,矫顽力为0.24kA·m-1,平均粒径为1.42μm.     

弯管一次合成设备

研制了用于弯管一次合成的设备，该设备由三部分组成，主体部分，控制部分和监视部分，主体部分包括电动机，减速箱，安装盘和机架，控制部分包括温度检测仪，调速器和计算机，监视部分包括电视和摄像头，使用该设备可实现弯管一次合成过程的全自动控制，并合成出Φ325mm的陶瓷复合弯管。     

Size-dependent ignition temperature of metallic compounds fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis

Considering the diffusion reaction at solid interfaces, the ignition temperature of compounds fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is modelled with the help of size-dependent activation energy. As reactant size decreases, ignition temperature also decreases. This is because of increased contact areas between the reactants and the lowered diffusion barrier, both of which must be calculated specifically for reactants in nanoscale. The model predictions and experimental results are consistent for some metallic compounds.