基于DEA和SFA的我国商业银行效率研究

本文利用板块数据,分别采用非参数前沿法中的DEA法和参数前沿法中的SFA法对我国十四家商业银行1997-2001期间的综合效率进行了测度,在此基础上对两种方法测度出的银行效率值排序进行了相关分析和一致性检验,结果表明两种方法测度出的银行效率在数值上有显著差异,但在是效率排序上具有很好的一致性。     

Fingerprint developing of coffee flavor by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and combined chemometrics methods

In this paper, chromatographic fingerprint was firstly used for quality control of tobacco flavors. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and combined chemometrics methods, a simple, reliable and reproducible method for developing chromatographic fingerprint of coffee flavor, one of tobacco flavors, was described. Six coffee flavor samples obtained from different locations were used to establish the fingerprint. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of coffee flavor sample from Shenzhen was completed with the help of subwindow factor analysis (SFA). Fifty-two components of 68 separated constituents in coffee flavor sample from Shenzhen, accounting for 88.42% of the total content, were identified and quantified. Then, spectral correlative chromatography (SCC) was used to extract the common peaks from other five studied coffee flavor samples. Thirty-eight components were found to exist in all six samples. Finally, the method validation of fingerprint analysis was performed based on the relative retention time and the relative peak area of common peaks, sample stability and similarity analysis. The similarities of six coffee flavor samples were more than 0.9104 and showed that samples from different locations were consistent to some extent. The developed chromatographic fingerprint was successfully used to differentiate coffee flavor from coco flavor and some little difference sample prepared with coffee flavor and coco flavor by both similarity comparison and principal component projection analysis. The developed method can be used for quality control of coffee flavor.     

新型大学校园用水系统的优化分析——以东北大学为例

用SFA法分析了东北大学的用水结构和用水现状.结果显示,当前东北大学人均用水量为1067t/a,循环用水量少,水质污染主要是悬浮物和氮磷污染物,经简单处理后可直接回用.基于校园内各部门水量水质监测,提出一种可行的优化方案,实现人均用水量减低到921t/a,可节约总用水量的137%,人均排水量减至867t/a;若推广至全国所有高校,总节水量约784×Mt/a,节水效果显著,减少了环境污染和水处理成本.     

DEA与SFA比较研究

比较研究了数据包络分析和随机边界分析方法.引入由这两种方法获得的效率分析数据,再用Pearson、Kendall、Spearman系数法,分析了两种方法的相关性、一致性,得到了两种效率分析结果显著不相关、不一致的结论.     

中国城市公共交通行业技术效率实证研究

本文选取1999-2004年间中国城市公共交通行业的面板数据,在Cobb-Douglas函数的基础上运用随机边界法对我国城市公共交通行业的技术效率进行了考察,并从时间、地域、交通工具类型和客运规模方面,分析了该行业的效率差异及其产生原因,旨在为该行业的未来发展和管制改革提供决策依据。研究结果表明,我国城市公共交通行业技术效率情况为:近几年虽有小幅上升,但基数总体不高;东部地区技术效率偏高;客运量大和拥有轨道交通的省市的技术效率较高。     

我国省际R&D活动效率评价研究——基于DEA和SFA模型

根据数据包络法(DEA)和前沿随机效率方法(SFA)对我国各地区的R&D活动效率进行了定量评价,得出了以下结论:一是整体上我国各地区R&D活动效率较高、R&D活动人员和经费支出的相对过多是引发低效的主要原因;二是R&D活动效率与是否发达地区无必然联系,提升R&D活动效率的关键在于改变结构性失衡状况。     

表面力仪及固体表面微观接触机理的实验研究

利用以等色序条纹技术为核心的表面力仪,使２个分子级光滑的圆柱状云母表面在一定载荷下接触,测量其接触区尺寸和接触表面和变形情况。在两表面间使用不同介质以进行有粘着接触和无粘着接触２种条件下的实验,并将测量结果与Ｈｅｒｔｚ理论（无粘着接触）和ＪＫＲ理论（有粘着接触）进行对比。发现在无粘着接触条件下的试验结果与Ｈｅｒｔｚ理论相吻合;而在有粘着接触条件下则测量到了ＪＫＲ理论所预言的“颈缩”现象。     

Using Bioelements Isotope Ratios and Fatty Acid Composition to Deduce Beef Origin and Zebu Feeding Regime in Cameroon

The purpose of this study was to address the lack of knowledge regarding the stable isotopic composition of beef from zebu cattle reared in tropical Africa. Sixty beef carcasses belonging to the most common zebu breeds (Goudali, white Fulani, and red Mbororo) were selected and classified according to their subcutaneous fat color (white, cream or yellow). The stable isotope ratios of five bioelements—H, O, C, N, and S—in muscle fractions and the fatty acids composition were analyzed. Zebu meat from Cameroon shows peculiar δ¹³C values, related to the almost exclusive intake of grazed tropical grasses with photosynthetic cycle C4. It also shows δ²H and δ¹⁸O values higher than those reported in other areas of the world and correlated with the isotopic composition of animal drinking water. The white subcutaneous fat (“white type”) zebu showed higher δ²H and lower δ¹³C than the “yellow type”, that is correlated with a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and a lower amount of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Multielement analysis seems to provide promising results for tracing the regional origin of Cameroon beef and some aspects of the livestock system, such as the nutritional status of the animals.     

Validation of an environmental friendly segmented flow method for the determination of phenol index in waters as alternative to the conventional one

Phenolic compounds are a sort of common pollutants in water. Phenol index becomes an expedite indicator for the evaluation of the contamination level of water samples, in spite of the knowledge of the individual phenol and its derivatives are also important.In this work, an environmental friendly method for the determination of phenols, using a segmented flow system based on the conventional method's reactions without the liquid-liquid extraction step, was validated.Three linear dynamic ranges using C₆H₅OH: 1-10 μg l⁻¹, 10-200 μg l⁻¹ and 0.2-2.5 mg l⁻¹, with a coefficient of variation lower than 2%, were obtained. Several method's performance parameters were determined: limits of detection, limits of quantification, precision through duplicate analysis and trueness using the reference materials purchased from LGC Promochem, RTC no. QCI-043-2 Lot:P1. Measurement uncertainty was evaluated using an interlaboratory approach based on proficiency testing data. Relative combined uncertainty for phenols in water samples, , of 0.054 were obtained, in according to those imposed by the Portuguese Legislation: target for 1 μg l⁻¹ of phenol (surface waters) and target for 500 μg l⁻¹ of phenol (wastewaters).A high efficiency reduction and elimination of reagents and wastes, reduction of analysis time and exposition of the analyst were also obtained.