Route stability in vehicle routing decisions: a bi-objective approach using metaheuristics

In this paper, we argue that vehicle routing solutions are often tactical decisions, that should not be changed too often or too much. For marketing or other reasons, vehicle routing solutions should be stable, i.e. a new solution (when e.g. new customers require service) should be as similar as possible to a solution already in use. Simultaneously however, this new solution should still have a good quality in the traditional sense (e.g. small total travel cost). In this paper, we develop a way to measure the difference between two vehicle routing solutions. We use this distance measure to create a metaheuristic approach that will find solutions that are “close” (in the solution space) to a given baseline solution and at the same time have a high quality in the sense that their total distance traveled is small. By using this approach, the dispatcher is offered a choice of Pareto-optimal solutions, allowing him to make a trade-off between changing his existing solution and allowing a longer travel distance. Some experiments are performed to show the effectiveness of the approach.     

Preparation and characterization of spherical V2O3 nanopowder

V₂O₃ nanopowder with spherical particles was prepared by reducing pyrolysis of the precursor, (NH₄)₅[(VO)₆(CO₃)₄(OH)₉]·10H₂O, in H₂ atmosphere. The thermolysis process of the precursor in a H₂ flow was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The results indicate that pure V₂O₃ forms at 620°C and crystallizes at 730°C. The effects of various reductive pyrolysis conditions on compositions of V₂O₃ products were studied. Scanning electron micrographs show that the particles of the V₂O₃ powder obtained at 650°C for 1 h are spherical about 30 nm in size with more homogeneous distribution. Experiments show that nanopowder has larger adsorption capacity to gases and is more easily reoxidized by air at room temperature than micropowder. Differential scanning calorimetry experiment indicates that the temperature of phase transition of nano-V₂O₃ powder is −119.5°C on cooling or −99.2°C on heating. The transition heats are −12.55 J g⁻¹ on cooling and 11.42 J g⁻¹ on heating, respectively.     

校园网多链路接入Internet的设计与实现

校园网的出口是网络规划和建设中需要重点考虑的问题,它关系到校园网用户对Internet访问的速度,本文就校园网的多链路接入方法进行了分析,并针对CISCO6509路由器给出了解决数据分流,地址转换,访问控制的具体实现.     

A maximum-efficiency-first multi-path route selection strategy for optical burst switching networks

In this paper, the impact of a path selection on other existing paths in optical burst switching (OBS) networks is studied by analyzing the contention among different traffic streams and the interaction between the route selection and traffic load balance. The results show that there exists a mutual reinforcement interaction among the traffic load of a path, the path burst loss ratio and the contention ability of the path when burst loss ratio based multi-path selection strategies are adopted, which may increase the unbalance of traffic and lead to severe congestion further. A maximum-efficiency-first multi-path selection strategy, which considers the performance of the burst flows and the impact of a path selection on existing OBS paths at the same time by a combined metric of route efficiency, is proposed to maximize the utility of the burst flows and minimize the increment of lost throughput on the path. The performance of the proposed multi-path selection strategy is evaluated through simulation. The results show that the presented strategy obviously outperforms the least burst loss ratio strategy and shortest path first strategy in terms of the burst loss ratio in the practical unbalanced background traffic, especially when the network is heavily loaded.     

公路网路线综合重要度评价研究

公路网路线重要程度的评价对公路网规划、投资、建设和运营管理具有重大意义.建立了公路网路线综合重要度评价指标体系即路线功能、技术等级和交通量,运用模糊综合评判以及层次分析法测算路线的重要程度.     

南水北调对汉江中游襄樊市生态环境影响研究

南水北调中线工程实施后。对汉江中下游地区农业灌溉、城市发展、工业生产、航运、水质以及生态环境等产生较大的影响．分析和评价了中线工程对汉江中游襄樊市生态环境的影响,并提出了一些相应对策：进行生态环境安全规划、管理;兴建崔家营、新集水利枢纽工程;加强水污染控制和生态环境保护;加大水土保持力度,发展生态农业、生态林业、生态旅游业．确保生态环境建设的持续性、安全性和高效益性,使南水北凋中线工程调水给襄樊市造成的影响降到最低限度。促进襄樊市社会经济生态环境的可持续发展．     

Clustering for routing in densely populated areas

This paper introduces a new approach for generating school bus routes in a dense urban area. First, a districting algorithm is used to determine clusters including appropriate numbers of students. Then, for each cluster, a route and the stops along this route are determined. Numerical results are reported and compared with those obtained previously. Although the algorithm has been developped and tested in a specific context, it could easily be extended to more general vehicle routing problems.     

中国共产党与十九路军关系分析

以闻名中外的淞沪抗战和发动反蒋抗日的福建事变而载誉史册的十九路军,在中国共产党的影响下,走上了联共、抗日、反蒋的道路,中国共产党与十九路军关系密切,在双方从对立到合作的过程中,中共党内坚持正确意见的同志与“左”倾关门主义统治的中央分歧很大,在对待十九路军问题上,中共有着成功的经验,也存在着严重的策略失误和教训。     

Modeling texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion using crystal plasticity finite element models

A new approach to modeling crystallographic texture evolution in Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) is presented in this paper. The proposed approach utilizes an elastic–viscoplastic single crystal constitutive model implemented in a finite element framework. A representative volume element of the polycrystal is subjected to boundary conditions that simulate the approximate deformation history experienced by different regions of the sample (at different through-thickness depths) in both Route A and Route C processing. The proposed approach aims to capture the influence of the complex interactions that ensue among the constituent individual crystals of a polycrystal in controlling the texture evolution in the sample, while capturing the boundary conditions inherent to ECAE deformation. The predictions from the proposed approach are compared against previously reported experimental measurements in ECAE of copper. It is observed that the proposed approach provides significantly better agreement with the measurements when compared against previously reported model predictions.     

基于ATM的IP交换技术

概述了ATM的主要特点和IP交换技术，重点介绍了Ipsilon的IP交换技术，给出了当前IP交换的研究热点．