Voltammetric Detector for Liquid Chromatography: Determination of Triclosan in Rabbit Urine and Serum

A flow-electrolytic cell containing a strand of carbon fibers has been designed and characterized for use in a voltammetric detector for high-performance liquid chromatography. The detector was used for determination of triclosan (2,4,4-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether) in rabbit serum and urine. Analysis of rabbit serum and urine 1 day and 1 to 5 days, respectively, after ingestion of oral triclosan revealed that the concentration of triclosan was higher than for control serum and urine. The concentration reached maximum levels after 6 h and 34 h or 44 h in serum and urine, respectively. When triclosan was determined in rabbit samples with the method proposed the results obtained were comparable with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.     

Amperometric determination of 6-mercaptopurine on functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified electrode by liquid chromatography coupled with microdialysis and its application to pharmacokinetics in rabbit

In this paper, multi-wall carbon nanotubes fuctionalized with carboxylic groups modified electrode (MWNT-COOH CME) was fabricated. This chemically modified electrode (CME) can be used as the working electrode in the liquid chromatography for the determination of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). The results indicate that the CME exhibits efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation for 6-MP with relatively high sensitivity, stability and long-life. The peak currents of 6-MP are linear to its concentrations ranging from 4.0×10⁻⁷ to 1.0×10⁻⁴ mol l⁻¹ with the calculated detection limit (S/N=3) of 2.0×10⁻⁷ mol l⁻¹. Coupled with microdialysis, the method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 6-MP in rabbit blood. This method provides a fast, sensible and simple technique for the pharmacokinetic study of 6-MP in vivo.     

几种家兔实验性肺水肿动物模型的比较

目的 :复制几种家兔急性肺水肿动物模型 ,从中筛选出适合用于学生实验的动物模型 ,并探讨其产生的机制。方法 :采用家兔耳缘静脉分别注入1∶5000肾上腺素、油酸、10 %氯仿的方法 ,建立家兔实验性肺水肿模型。通过观察动物的一般情况、计算肺系数(肺重量 g/体重kg)等指标 ,确定模型的选择。结果 :肾上腺素、油酸、氯仿能引起家兔急性肺水肿 ,其临床表现各有特点。结论 :肾上腺素性肺水肿模型 ,临床症状典型 ,经济易行且重复性好 ,为学生实验较为理想的动物模型。     

Intra-operative acoustic hemostasis of liver: production of a homogenate for effective treatment

Objective: We have shown that High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) can effectively control bleeding from injuries to solid organs such as liver, spleen, and lung. Achievement of hemostasis was augmented when a homogenate of tissue and blood was formed. The objective of this study was to investigate quantitatively the effect of homogenate production on HIFU application time for hemostasis. Possible mechanisms involved in homogenate production were also studied.Methods: Ten anesthetized rabbits had laparotomy and liver exposure. Liver incisions, 15-25 mm long and 3-4 mm deep, were made followed immediately by HIFU application. Two electrical powers of 80 and 100 W corresponding to focal acoustic intensities of 2264 and 2829 W/cm², respectively were used. Tissue and homogenate temperatures were measured. Smear and histological tissue sample analysis using light microscopy were performed.Results: In treatments with homogenate formation, hemostasis was achieved in 76 ± 1.3 s (Mean ± Standard Error Mean: SEM) at 80 W. In treatments without homogenate formation (at 80 W), hemostasis was achieved in 106 ± 0.87 s. At 100 W, hemostasis was achieved in 46 ± 0.3 s. The time required for homogenate formation, at 80 and 100 W were 60 ± 2.5 and 23 ± 0.3 s, respectively. The homogenate temperature was 83 °C (SEM 0.6 °C), and the non-homogenate tissue temperature at the treatment site was 60 °C (SEM 0.4 °C). The smear and histological analysis showed significant blood components and cellular debris in the homogenate, with some intact cells.Conclusion: The HIFU-induced homogenate of blood and tissue resulted in a statistically significant shorter HIFU application time for hemostasis. The incisions with homogenate had higher temperatures as compared to incisions without homogenate. Further studies of the correlation between homogenate formation and temperature must be done, as well as studies on the long-term effects of homogenate in achieving hemostasis.     

兔防御素NP-1基因转化百合的研究

本研究以百合鳞片为外植体,用叶盘法将兔防御素NP-1基因导入百合中,经培养获得再生植株。通过抗生素筛选和PCR分析,证实为转基因植株。同时,对农杆菌转化过程中的一些影响因素进行了探讨。     

基于遗传算法-支持向量机的兔肝VX2肿瘤光谱鉴别

兔肝VX２肿瘤是一种快速生长的肿瘤模型,可以在多种器官如肝、肺、直肠等快速生长,常用于肿瘤研究。采用可见-近红外高光谱技术对四只兔子的兔肝VX２肿瘤和正常组织进行活体和离体的反射光谱检测,然后采用支持向量机分别实现了二分类(正常肝组织和肝VX2肿瘤组织)和四分类(未出血活体正常肝组织、未出血活体VX2肿瘤组织、出血离体正常肝组织和出血离体肝VX2肿瘤组织)。根据其光谱反射曲线的特征,选择了400～1 800 nm区间的数据为特征变量。为进一步提高分类准确率,分别采用5折交叉验证和遗传算法对支持向量机的核函数参数g和惩罚因子c进行了优化。其中5折交叉验证优化参数和分类结果为：二分类优化的惩罚参数c为4,核函数参数g为0.125 0,其校正集和预测集的准确率都达到了100%;四分类中优化出的参数c为8,g为0.121 1,其校正集和预测集的准确率分别达到了99.242 4%和93.333%。遗传算法优化参数和结果为：二分类中优化的参数c为0.845 6,g为0.062 5,其校正集和预测集的准确率同样都达到了100%;四分类中优化的参数c为5.5307,g为0.068 5,其校正集和预测集的准确率分别达到了99.242 4%和100%。结果显示两种优化方法都取得了很好的效果,遗传算法优化参数对四分类的分类更为精确。为进一步提升算法速度,采用间隔选取变量的方法来不断减少特征变量,最终每隔100 nm谱段选择一个变量,共选择14个谱段作为特征变量。采用遗传算法优化支持向量机参数并对其分类进行了研究,结果表明：二分类和四分类的校正集和预测集结果准确率均为99.242 4%,而且运行时间分别为11.4和20.0 s, 与选择全波段的运行时间：340.3和491.0 s相比, 说明多光谱技术可以进行肝VX2肿瘤组织和正常肝组织的鉴别,且分类准确率可达99%以上,而且运行时间缩短了很多。为未来多光谱技术在未来临床肿瘤诊断中实现肿瘤组织的快速实时在线检测和分类奠定了基础,显示出巨大的应用潜力。     

家兔死后时间与血浆中分子物质的含量

中分子物质在血浆中的含量与体内蛋白质的分解代谢有关。动物死亡后体内蛋白质分解加快,故随着死后时间的延长血浆中的中分子物质呈进行性增高。本文报告通过观察家兔死后的不同时间与血浆中的中分子物质的含量变化,发现二者呈正相关,相关系数 r=0.9904。因此,只要测出血浆中的中分子物质的含量,再代入公式X=1.2353y-355即可计算出动物死后的时间(分钟),这对法医确定死后时间很有帮助。     

巴戟滋补膏对甲低阳虚兔肝和脑中五种微量元素的影响

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法．对甲状腺切除兔(阳虚组)、甲状腺切除后微服巴戟滋补膏兔(中药组)以及对照组实验免肝和脑中锌、铜、铁、锰、铬5种元素进行检测．结果表明，甲低阳虚兔肝和脑中锌／铜值下降；灌服巴戟滋补膏使造型兔病情改善的同时可使其肝中元素改变好转．     

分光光度法测定家兔体内铁和锰的代谢

为探讨补铁和补锰药物的代谢情况,我们对家兔灌胃中剂量金施尔康多维元素片,每小时对家兔取血,利用邻二氮菲分光光度法测定血样中铁与锰的含量。结果显示:7h铁在家兔血液中含量达到峰值37.86μg·mL-1,10h基本代谢完毕,恢复至正常值28.72μg·mL-1;5h锰在家兔血液中含量达到峰值1.31μg·mL-1,但代谢缓慢,16h后代谢完毕,恢复至正常值0.008μg·mL-1。本实验可为科学补铁、补锰提供一定依据。     

MRI methodological development of intervertebral disc degeneration: a rabbit in vivo study at 9.4 T

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a complex process characterized by biochemical and structural changes in both the nucleus pulposus and the anulus fibrosus. In this study, we were able to obtain in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) images of the rabbit spine, with several MR imaging (MRI) contrasts (ρ, T₁ and T₂). We quantified several parameters (T₂, apparent diffusion coefficient, disc height and area) to differentiate between healthy and degenerative IVDs and to characterize the degeneration process. To our knowledge, there has not been any previous in vivo study of rabbit IVDs at high-field MRI (9.4 T).A custom radio frequency (RF) coil for 9.4 T was designed to match rabbit IVD morphology, to study the degeneration in vivo on a model of human lumbar disease. Our new probe, a custom half-birdcage-type coil, obtains the necessary exploration depth while meeting the requirements for signal homogeneity and sensitivity of the study. This design addresses some of the difficulties with constructing RF coils at high field strengths.