Identification of chlorinated sulfur compounds in pulp mill effluents by GC-MS and GC-AED

Summary Three chlorinated dimethyl sulfones and five chlorinated thiophenes have been identified in the alkaline extraction liquor from a bleach plant by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) and with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The information on elemental content obtained by GC-AED enabled a rapid screening of the sulfur compounds and provided important structural information complementary to the mass spectral data. Quantitation was accomplished by GC-AED based on universal calibration.     

制浆造纸企业管控一体化系统的层次分析

以制浆造纸企业管理与控制系统秋实际背景,运用ＡＨＰ原理,探讨了企业多目标、多层次 管控一体化系统的递阶结构。依次分析了战略性决策层、战术性决策层、作业管理层和生产控制层各层次内部的纵向组成结构和横向关联结构,以及各层次之间的相互关联。由此提出了企业管控一体化系统的理论构架和管理／控制原理。本研究结果对其他企业的管控一体化系统的研究亦有参考意义。     

Tying together the ultrastructural modifications of wood fibre induced by pulping processes with the mechanical properties of paper

The composition and ultrastructural arrangement of cell wall polymers in wood fibres have determining influence on the properties of wood derived materials. It is therefore important to improve our understanding of the relationship between fibres organisation, the modifications induced by pulping treatments, and the resulting paper sheet mechanical properties. The different treatments to which fibres are subjected during the manufacturing of pulps and papers induce morphological and micro-structural alterations due to the removal of wall constituents and of microfibrillar elements. The impact of pulping processes on fibres was investigated at the ultrastructural scale of transmission electron microscopy. Particular attention was given to the effects of beating in refiners at various intensities on the ultrastructure of fibres. The most characteristic effects consisted of delaminations, microfibril disorganisation, and even fractures, of varying importance depending on the intensity of the mechanical refining. The consequences of internal alterations and surface modifications of the fibres were examined in relation to the paper sheet mechanical properties. Correlations between the type of alteration observed in the fibres and its possible impact on a given paper mechanical property are suggested. With similar approaches, the effects of drying and recycling were studied.     

马尾松不同造林密度和不同利用方式经济效果分析

分析了不同造林密度林分生长的差异，从培育建筑材和纸浆两个不同角度，对１１年５ １７年生不同造林密度试验林作了经济效果的对比分析，结果表明，初植密度较大，生物量较高的林分，以培育纸浆材的好，纸浆材林初植密度可定为４５００～６０００株／ｈｍ＾２。轮伐期１４～１６年，对于平均胸径小于１４ｃｍ或造材后小头去皮直径小于１２ｃｍ的原木，加工成木片销售，效益好于直接售原木。培育建筑材林，初植密度可为３３００～４     

主成分-BP算法在近红外光谱法纸浆卡伯值测量中的应用研究

提出采用主成分-BP算法建立纸浆卡伯值近红外光谱法在线测量模型。结果表明,这种算法由于既考虑到了近红外光谱响应的非线性因素,又可防止BP算法在建模时出现“过拟合”的现象,利用该算法建立的纸浆卡伯值测量模型与一元回归,多元回归和主成分回归等线性方法相比,具有更高的预测精度。     

磁场处理纸浆料提高纸的机械强度的试验

本文总结了磁场处理纸浆料提高纸的机械强度的试验结果.通过多次重复试验,证明某一浓度、知浆度的纸浆料,在室温下以某一流速通过某一强度的磁场时切割磁力线,可使纸张的机械强度提高10—25%.这一成果若能推广到生产中,必将产生较大的经济效益.     

中国制浆造纸工业柔性生产

对影响中国造纸工业柔性生产的因素进行了分类分析。这些因素可分为结构性因素（包括生产线的规模和设备的技术先进性），基础性因素（指计算机一体化程度，劳动力素质）和管理性因素（指管理对柔性生产的重视程度），就这些因素对柔性生产的影响程度进行了定必玫定量的研究，对造纸企业在提高生产规模与增加产品品种之间的权衡提出了建议。     

用马铃薯废渣制取草酸的工艺研究

本文论述了利用马铃薯废渣制备草酸的工艺方法，在确定工艺路线及条件之后，采用正交试验设计方法进行最佳工艺条件的确定，获得比较好的结果。     

Anionic groups on cellulosic fiber surfaces investigated by XPS, FTIR-ATR, and different sorption methods

Anionic groups (AGs) on different cellulosic fiber surfaces were investigated by methylene blue (MB) and polyelectrolyte (PE) sorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and total attenuated reflectance infrared spectrometry (FTIR-ATR). The MB sorption isotherms fitted well the Langmuir equation that gave consistent estimations of sorption capacities. FTIR-ATR showed that MB molecules had extensive accessibility to the fiber wall pores. Estimation of surface AGs by PE sorption gave much higher values than a new method combining MB sorption and XPS measurements (MB-XPS). The surface AGs in different cellulosic fibers accounted for 1-3% of the total AG content as revealed by MB-XPS. It was suggested that PE molecules can penetrate the fiber wall and form loops or unattached segments at external fiber surfaces that disrupt the PE sorption stoichiometry. The competition of MB and PE for the anionic sites in papermaking was assessed and it was shown that MB ions have a much stronger affinity to AGs than PE molecules.     

Nanocomposite-based lignocellulosic fibers 1. Thermal stability of modified fibers with clay-polyelectrolyte multilayers

The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process of creating highly structured thin films derived from layers of polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles was adopted in this study to modify the surface of lignocellulosic fibers. Aqueous dispersions of clay nanoplatelets were created with ultrasonication and characterized with dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy in which confirmed the presence of individual clay nanoplatelets. Film thickness of never-dried clay and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) multilayers was studied with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Using identical LbL deposition parameters, a slurry of steam-exploded wood fibers was modified by alternate adsorption of PDDA and clay with multiple rinsing steps after each adsorption cycle. Zeta potential measurements were used to characterize the fiber surface charges after each adsorption step while SEM images revealed that the LbL film masked the cellulose microfibril structure. Using a thermogravimetric analyzer, LbL modified steam-exploded wood fibers were observed to attain increased thermal stability relative to the unmodified material tested in both air and nitrogen atmospheres. Significant char for the LbL clay coated steam-exploded wood suggests the multilayer film serves as a barrier creating an insulating layer to prevent further decomposition of the material. This nanotechnology may have a positive impact on the processing of lignocellulosic fibers in thermoplastic matrices, designing of paper-based overlays for building products, and modification of cellulosic fibers for textiles.