预应力钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层抗弯加固持荷RC梁数值分析及承载力计算

建立预应力钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层抗弯加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁的有限元模型(FEM),并利用已有的试验数据验证模型的准确性.基于有限元模型,进行不同持荷比下加固梁的力学性能研究.结果表明:建立的有限元模型可较好地解决持荷条件下钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层与RC梁之间单元不协调变形等问题;随着持荷比的提高,加固梁的极限承载力提高幅度逐渐减小;当预加载低于未加固梁极限承载力的20%时,混凝土损伤较小,不考虑预加载的影响;当预加载高于未加固梁极限承载力的20%时,需考虑加固材料滞后应变对加固试件极限承载力的影响.基于平截面假定和钢丝绳滞后应变,提出抗弯加固持荷RC梁的极限承载力计算公式,其计算结果与数值分析结果吻合良好.     

发动机配气机构凸轮-从动件接触应力分析

配气机构中凸轮与从动件是一对重要的摩擦副,较易出现磨损、擦伤、劈裂等破坏。针对凸轮与从动件之间容易产生破坏的情况,通过改变气门弹簧的预紧力与刚度,以降低凸轮与从动件之间的接触应力,减少凸轮从动件间的接触破坏。利用AVL EXCITE Timing Drive建立某发动机配气机构单阀系动力学模型,对不同转速下的模型进行动力学分析。在Design Explorer中进行拉丁超立方试验设计,再通过Nelder-Mead算法对得到的试验数组进行优化,得出最佳的接触应力、弹簧预紧力与刚度的组合。试验与优化过程中,通过设置接触损失角和气门落座速度两个约束条件对优化结果进行约束,以防止弹簧预紧力与刚度的变化对机构整体的影响。优化得到的弹簧预紧力与刚度使得不同转速下最大接触应力均有所降低,且未出现飞脱现象。     

Influence of large strain preloads on the viscoelastic response of rubber-like materials under small oscillations

The viscoelastic response predicted by linearized internal variables models in the case of small oscillations superimposed on a large static preload is investigated, comparing simple forms of the Zener and the Poynting–Thomson models. It is shown that both of them predict a preload dependency of the equilibrium linearized stress, but only the latter take into account such a dependency on the out-of-equilibrium part. Yet, the Zener model is much more frequently linearized as the Poynting–Thomson model. The formulation of each model for finite deformations is quickly reminded, before linearizing them around a large static preload. Finally, a comparison of the influence of preload on each model is proposed for uniaxial extension, before discussing which kind of model has to be chosen regarding theoretical and practical aspects.     

一类轴对称结构过盈装配环向预紧力的不确定性量化1)

泡沫硅橡胶材料具有良好的缓冲减振性能,已广泛应用于各工程领域。本文基于弹性力学理论解和泡沫硅橡胶材料一维可压缩Ogden二阶超弹性本构模型,建立了一类泡沫硅橡胶垫层过盈装配轴对称结构环向预紧力和工装压力的无量纲化数学预测模型;基于单向压缩材料实验数据,量化了垫层材料超弹本构模型参数的不确定性,获得了单不确定性参数表征的垫层本构模型,并以区间方法表征被防护部件材料的分散性以及装配公差,确定了系统环向预紧力和工装压力的计算参数;在此基础上,综合应用MC抽样、核密度估计、灵敏度分析与最小二乘法函数拟合等方法,量化了该类结构环向预紧力的不确定性,分析了四类不确定性的重要程度和初始设计应变对环向预紧力的影响,并获得了环向预紧力与工装压力的关系。所获得的研究成果对于该类轴对称结构的设计与评估具有重要的工程意义。     

An Alternative Rail Pad Tester for Measuring Dynamic Properties of Rail Pads Under Large Preloads

One of the main components in ballasted railway track systems is the rail pad. It is installed between the rail and the sleeper to attenuate wheel/rail interaction loads, preventing the underlying railway sleepers from excessive stress waves. Generally, the dynamic design of tracks relies on the available data, which are mostly focused on the structural condition at a specific toe load. Recent findings show that track irregularities could significantly amplify the loads on railway tracks. This phenomenon gives rise to a concern that the rail pads may experience higher effective preloading than anticipated in the past. On this ground, this paper highlights the significance of accounting for effects of preloading on dynamic properties of polymeric rail pads. An innovative test rig for controlling preloads on rail pads has been devised. A non-destructive methodology for evaluating and monitoring the dynamic properties of the rail pads has been developed based on an instrumented hammer impact technique and an equivalent single degree-of-freedom system approximation. Based on the impact-excitation responses, some of the selected rail pads have been tested to determine such modal parameters as dynamic stiffness and damping constants in the laboratory. The influence of large preloads on dynamic properties of both new and worn rail pads is demonstrated in this paper. Additionally, the design criteria, which has been used to take into account the influence of the level of preload on dynamic properties of generic rail pads, are discussed. Note: The authors’ work in the references can be found electronically via UoW Research Online at URL