Analysis of terpenoic composition of conifer needle oils by steam distillation/extraction,gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Summary The essential oils of Estonian spruce and pine needles have been analysed by a combination of steam distillation/extraction, GC and GC-MS. According to their monoterpene composition Estonian pines belong to a high carene chemotype with monoterpenes representing up to 85% of total oil. Estonian spruce needle oil contains up to 70% of oxygenated terpenes and more limonene and 1,8-cineole than the same spruce species [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from other localities.A total of 60 components were identified. Coefficients of variation describe the range of component contents in individual trees within the population.     

油松容器苗和裸根苗生长与造林效果对秋季施肥的响应

【目的】探究不同秋季施肥处理条件下油松容器苗和裸根苗苗期生长、养分积累和造林效果的差异,为生产上培育油松良种壮苗提供理论基础和技术支持。【方法】以大田培育的当年生油松播种容器苗和裸根苗为研究对象,设置0(对照)、12、24、36 mg/株4种秋季施肥水平,于90%以上苗木形成顶芽后进行施肥处理,并于翌年进行雨季造林试验。测定造林前的苗高、地径、生物量、根冠比、养分含量及造林后苗木成活率和苗高、地径相对生长量等指标,分析出圃苗木性状与造林效果之间的相关性。【结果】秋季施肥24 mg/株处理下的油松容器苗苗高、地径、生物量、氮、磷、钾含量均表现最佳,该处理下容器苗整株生物量、氮、磷、钾含量较对照分别增加了41.8%、31.4%、65.6%和48.8%;油松裸根苗受秋季施肥影响较小。容器苗氮含量在各器官中的分布从大到小表现为根>叶>茎,裸根苗氮含量在各器官中的分布从大到小表现为叶>根>茎;磷、钾含量在容器苗和裸根苗各器官中的分布从大到小均表现为叶>根>茎。雨季造林试验结果显示,油松造林效果受苗木类型影响显著,容器苗造林当年和第2年春季的苗高、地径相对生长量...     

桂东南马尾松工程幼林生长量及其生物量节律研究

１９９１年～１９９６年,对桂东南马尾松工程幼林的生长量及生物量进行连续的定位定期观测。结果表明：马尾松工程林６年生幼林的林木蓄积量和生物量分别为３６．１６ｍ３／ｈｍ２和３６．８６ｔ／ｈｍ２,分别比常规造林１１年生和不施肥同龄林增加３倍～６倍;揭示了马尾松幼林生长量规律及其影响的主要气象因子,马尾松工程幼林各器官生物量随年龄的变化规律,并分别建立与地径逐月生长量的回归预测模型。     

模糊聚类在松属种间生理差异中的应用

对松属８个树种的净光合速度,蒸腾速率,气孔阻力和叶温等生理指标进行了测定。结果表明,某些树种存在相似的生理特性;具有相似生理特性的树种对环境有相同的生理需求。采用模糊聚类分析对参试树种按生理特性分成三类;第一类,Ｐｎ和Ｒｓ较大,Ｅ较小,宜生长于光照强,二氧化碳浓度高,水分要求不高的立地;第二类与第一类相反,第三类为居间类型。居此,在造林生产中根据树种的生理特性,适地适树,创造良好的经济效益。     

用IDX法测定马尾松和樟子松种子发芽能力的研究

研究用ＩＤＸ法测定马尾松和樟子松种子发芽能力的方法及其标准化。结果发现,马尾松和樟子松种子浸种１６ｈ后,在１５℃、相对湿度接近１００％的培养箱内培养５６ｈ,然后在２５℃、相对湿度４０％的条件下分别干燥３ｈ、２ｈ,再作射线摄影,此时生活种子与死亡种子含水量的差异能在射线照片上形成密度反差,据此可以测定种子的发芽能力,即生活种子含水量高,吸收射线能力强,在射线图象上表现为密度均匀,胚与胚乳界限不明显,     

Dissolution of ionisable groups and lignocellulosic components during low-temperature kraft pulping of pinus radiata

A wide range of kraft pulps from radiata pine produced by low-temperature kraft pulping in flow-through reactors was assessed for carboxyl and hexenuronic acid (HexA) contents using the conductometric titrations and UV spectrophotometer, respectively. The Kappa number of pulps varied from 20.8 to 84.7 when using a cooking liquor of 1 M effective alkali as Na₂O, 25% sulfidity, and cooking time of 100–250 min. The experimental results showed that the carboxyl groups (including HexA) and HexA groups dissolved and their residual values in the pulp samples correlate linearly with Kappa number and pulp yield. The dissolving rate of all carboxyl groups is much faster than the loss of HexA. The HexA/lignin ratio decreased non-linearly with Kappa number.     

Analysis of Essential Oil from the Needles of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pinaster</Emphasis> Growing in Algeria

The needle oil of the Algerian maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) growing in natural habitats in Sidi Feradj (Algiers region) was obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.3% yield and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. More than 46 compounds amounting to 65.2% of the total oil were identified. The main components were β-caryophyllene (26.6%), allo-aromadendrene (12.5%), and α-humulene (4.3%). __________ Published in Kimiya Prirodnikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 445–447, September–October, 2005.     

Changes in the composition of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes of Pinus armandi, P. tabulaeformis, and P. bungeana in Northwest China

The volatile mono-and sesquiterpenes obtained from the needles and resin of Pinus armandi, P. tabulaeformis, and P. bungeana growing in the Qinling, Taibai, and Huanglong Mountain forest ecosystem were analyzed by means of GC-MS. Forty-eight constituents were identified, and α-pinene, β-pinene, 1R-α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, cadindiene, α-caryophyllene, D-limonene, and 1S-β-pinene were the major components of the mono-and sesquiterpenes in the needles and resin. The components of the volatile mono-and sesquiterpenes from the needles and resin at Qinling, Taibai, and Huanglong Mountains had remarkable differences in three pine species, whereas the monopertene content such as α-pinene, β-pinene, D-limonene, and camphene were mostly changed in the growing stage. The intraspecies variation in the different ecosystems can be attributed to the species’ geography and genetic variation, and even the adaptation of the pine species to different ecological environments. Moreover, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes can be induced by the attack of bark beetles, of which the α-pinene, β-pinene, 1R-α-pinene, 1S-α-pinene, b-myrecene, and β-caryophyllene contents had positive relations with the attacking Dendroctonus armandi and D. valens. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 430–433, September–October, 2006.     

马尾松蓝变木材中长喙壳属的两个新种

鉴定和描述了马尾松蓝变木材中长喙壳属的两个新种:松生长喙壳(Ophiostoma pinicola G. H.Zhao sp. nov.)和木生长喙壳(Ophiostoma lignicola G. H. Zhao sp. nov.)的形态特征。     

沿海防护林优良适生树种造林效果研究

研究了沙质地沿海防护林优良适生树种木麻黄、湿地松和厚荚相思的生长特性及生态适应性。结果表明,立地类型与林分生长关系十分密切,泥炭性风积沙土最适宜这3个树种生长,水化性风积沙土和不均一性风积沙土相对不利于这3个树种生长。木麻黄、湿地松和厚荚相思在沿海沙质地的生长表现及对环境的适应性各有优劣,林木生长速度表现为厚荚相思最快,木麻黄次之,湿地松较慢;抗强风能力则是湿地松最好,木麻黄次之,厚荚相思较弱;海岸前沿耐潮湿海风能力表现为木麻黄最好,厚荚相思次之,湿地松较差。木麻黄目前仍然是沿海防护林海岸前沿不可替代的造林树种,湿地松抗风能力最强,而厚荚相思最能适应沿海沙质地干旱瘠薄的恶劣立地条件且生长迅速,对土壤改良效果良好。