The deformation and fracture of balloons

Inflation of balloons provides a straightforward way of achieving large biaxial deformations. Previous studies have shown that when a balloon bursts, crack propagation occurs at very high speed – much higher than would be expected from the low strain modulus and elastic wave velocity of the rubber. The present paper is concerned with studies of the deformation and fracture of cylindrical balloons. On inflation, the deformations of such a balloon pass through an unstable region but subsequently increase monotonically with pressure. In this relatively high pressure region, the ratio of the longitudinal and circumferential extension ratios is broadly in accord with expectations from high-strain elasticity theory when the ratio of the corresponding stresses is taken into account. On bursting, crack speeds up to around 300 m/s in this region. It is shown that these speeds are in accord with large increase in incremental moduli for the highly-strained rubber. Marked changes in crack tip profile observed at very high crack speeds are consistent with control of the rate of growth by inertia rather than by the viscoelastic properties of the rubber (as is believed to be the case at lower speeds). Consistent with this, various elastomers having different glass transition temperatures show similar crack growth behaviour in the very high speed region.     

自动精密玻璃切割机的设计

本文重点介绍液晶产品生产线上不可缺少的基础设备———精密玻璃切割机的设计,包括切割机的工作原理、切割机部分关键部件的结构特点、切割机所能达到的精度等.     

Characterization of strongly interacted multiple cracks in an infinite plate

Based on the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique, a new method is proposed to deal with the problem of the strongly interacted multiple cracks in an infinite plate. Unlike the Kachanov method which neglects the interaction of the tractions of the non-uniform components, the tractions of the non-uniform components on the surfaces of cracks are considered through the alternating technique. The accuracy and efficiency of present method are validated by comparing the results of two collinear and two parallel overlapped open the cracks obtained by the present method with those of the exact solutions, the results of the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique. Applications of present method in solving sliding close crack problems and evaluating the plastic zones demonstrate the versatility of present method.     

缓凝砂浆螺旋输送理论研究

缓凝预应力筋包覆装置是将新型独特的缓凝材料应用于预应力混凝土体系的一种施工设备．通过对缓凝砂浆的流变性能分析，建立了螺旋输送物理模型，运用粘性流体力学的运动微分方程研究缓凝砂浆螺旋输送的速度场和流率，从而对其装置的设计和运行参数的合理选择提供了理论依据．     

砖混结构设计中如何防止墙体裂缝

分析了砖混结构墙体裂缝形成的原因及类型,主要从设计的角度提出了防止墙体裂缝产生的措施。     

螺纹联接动载荷强度计算公式的探讨

该文以柴油机的连杆螺栓联接(非标准件)为例,在微机上用动力有限元方法对螺栓各圈螺牙的载荷分布,螺栓的静、动应力分布进行了计算与研究。提出了较材料力学经验公式精确的既简单又实用的螺纹联接的动载荷强度计算公式。     

Q235 板材焊接结构失效分析

针对在１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ基体上焊接Ｑ２３５加热钢套中出现焊接裂缝的情况,通过对焊接材料的化学成分、力学性能及组织分析,找出生产中出现问题的根本原因,并提出具体解决方案。     

半平面多圆孔多裂纹反平面问题

运用复变函数及积分方程方法,求解了半平面域多圆孔多裂纹反平面问题．建立了两种类型的基本解．利用叠加原理和所得的基本解并沿圆孔和裂纹表面取待定的基本解密度函数,可得一组基本解密度函数为未知函数的Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程．通过该积分方程组的数值求解可以得到密度函数的离散值,进而得到裂纹尖端的应力强度因子．     

角膜保存方法综述

本世纪30年代,Filatov成功地保存了尸体角膜.60年代后,角膜保存得到了广泛的重视和研究,并先后发展出十余种保存方法,其中一些方法得到了推广和应用.本文全面报道了这些方法,并给予简短的评述.     

Large‐scale extrusion processing and characterization of hybrid nylon‐6/SiO2 nanocomposites

Solution impregnations, pulltrusion and film stacking are widely used methods to prepare thermoplastic composite materials. Extruders are used to melt the polymer and to incorporate fibers into the polymer in order to modify physical properties. In this article, the compounding of colloidal silica nanoparticles filled polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) is achieved using a twin‐screw extruder, which has a significant market share due to its low cost and easy maintenance. The experiments were performed at 250 rpm and the bulk throughput was 6 kg h^?1 with a pump pressure of 30 bars. The composites were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As determined by WAXD, the PA‐6 showed higher amounts of γ‐phase when compared to other synthesis methods such as in situ polymerization. TEM pictures showed that the silica particles aggregated nevertheless, upon addition of 14% (w/w) silica the E‐modulus increased from 2.7 to 3.9 GPa indicating that an effective mechanical coupling with the polymer was achieved. The behavior, illustrated with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) curves, indicated that in general when a filled system is compared to unfilled material, the values of the moduli (E′ and E″) increased and tan δ decreased. Determination of molecular mass distribution of the samples by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to a refractive index (RI), viscosity (DV) and light scattering (LS) detector revealed that the addition of silica did not decrease the average molecular weight of the polymer matrix, which is of importance for composite applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.