Application of the essential work of fracture concept to nanostructured polymer materials

The first part of the paper deals with a critical discussion of the methodical basis of essential work of fracture (EWF) concept with respect to the specimen geometry (especially the notch depth) and application to polymers. In the second part, an in situ testing device, which combines a tensile testing machine with an optical strain-field measuring system, has successfully demonstrated possibility of characterization of fracture behaviour of polystyrene-polybutadiene block copolymers and block copolymer/homopolymer blends as examples of nanostructured polymer materials. It has been shown that knowledge of the time evolution of the strain field close to the crack tips leads to a simple verification of the basic precondition for the applicability of the EWF concept, the precondition “plastic zone coalescence-before-stable crack propagation”.     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dihydropyridine and Pyridine Analogs as Potent Human Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitors with Anticancer Activity: ROS and DNA Damage-Induced Apoptosis

Small molecules with nitrogen-containing scaffolds have gained much attention due to their biological importance in the development of new anticancer agents. The present paper reports the synthesis of a library of new dihydropyridine and pyridine analogs with diverse pharmacophores. All compounds were tested against the human tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (h-TNAP) enzyme. Most of the compounds showed excellent enzyme inhibition against h-TNAP, having IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.49 ± 0.025 to 8.8 ± 0.53 µM, which is multi-fold higher than that of the standard inhibitor (levamisole = 22.65 ± 1.60 µM) of the h-TNAP enzyme. Furthermore, an MTT assay was carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity against the HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Among the analogs, the most potent dihydropyridine-based compound 4d was selected to investigate pro-apoptotic behavior. The further analysis demonstrated that compound 4d played a significant role in inducing apoptosis through multiple mechanisms, including overproduction of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damaging, and arrest of the cell cycle at the G1 phase by inhibiting CDK4/6. The apoptosis-inducing effect of compound 4d was studied through staining agents, microscopic, and flow cytometry techniques. Detailed structure–activity relationship (SAR) and molecular docking studies were carried out to identify the core structural features responsible for inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the h-TNAP enzyme. Moreover, fluorescence emission studies corroborated the binding interaction of compound 4d with DNA through a fluorescence titration experiment.     

Design and Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives as Cytotoxic Agents through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Inhibition in HL60 and HepG2 Cancer Cells

In this study, a series of coumarin derivatives, either alone or as hybrids with cinnamic acid, were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cells using the MTT assay. Then, the most active compounds were inspected for their mechanism of cytotoxicity by cell-cycle analysis, RT-PCR, DNA fragmentation, and Western blotting techniques. Cytotoxic results showed that compound (4) had a significant cytotoxic effect against HL60 cells (IC₅₀ = 8.09 µM), while compound (8b) had a noticeable activity against HepG2 cells (IC₅₀ = 13.14 µM). Compounds (4) and (8b) mediated their cytotoxicity via PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition. These results were assured by molecular docking studies. These results support further exploratory research focusing on the therapeutic activity of coumarin derivatives as cytotoxic agents.     

Mechanistic Insights into the Ameliorative Effect of Cichoriin on Diabetic Rats—Assisted with an In Silico Approach

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered to be a substantial socioeconomic burden worldwide on both patients and governments. Coumarins are biomolecules with a diversity of biological activities. The current investigation aimed to explore the ameliorative effects of cichoriin, which is a type of coumarin, on high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were allocated into five groups. Group I was considered as the control group, while the other groups were HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats. Group II was assigned as the diabetic control. Groups III and IV were treated with cichoriin (50 or 100 mg/kg, respectively). Group V received glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) (as a positive control). The blood glucose (BG), serum insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of pancreatic tissue were performed. mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K were estimated. Results: Cichoriin treatment ameliorated HFD/STZ-induced diabetic conditions and mitigated the histopathological characteristics of the pancreas, as well as increasing pancreatic insulin expression. This decreased the levels of BG, TG, TC, and MDA and improved the TAC, catalase and SOD contents. Cichoriin demonstrated upregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K. The in silico binding of cichoriin with GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K supported the possible current activities. Conclusion: Collectively, this work highlighted the potential role of cichoriin in mitigating HFD/STZ-induced diabetic conditions and showed it to be a valuable product.     

基于免疫网络理论的永磁同步电机控制

摘 要：PID控制器有着广泛的应用,其参数也有多种智能调整方法。本文分析了免疫系统的免疫网络理论,提出了一种用免疫网络理论调整PI控制器的策略,并用于永磁同步电机的直接转矩控制的调速系统,以克服电阻变化引起磁链控制器输出不准确,影响控制精度的问题。该策略计算简单,在永磁同步电机定子电阻变化较大情况下,仍具有高控制精度。仿真结果验证了这一免疫网络理论控制策略的有效性,并与一般PI控制和采用遗传算法的PI控制的效果进行了比较。     

Investigating the Mechanisms of Bisdemethoxycurcumin in Ulcerative Colitis: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder that is hard to cure once diagnosed. Bisdemethoxycurcumin has shown positive effects on inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying bioactive interaction between bisdemethoxycurcumin and ulcerative colitis is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the core target and potential mechanism of action of bisdemethoxycurcumin as a therapy for ulcerative colitis. The public databases were used to identify potential targets for bisdemethoxycurcumin and ulcerative colitis. To investigate the potential mechanisms, the protein-protein interaction network, gene ontology analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis have been carried out. Subsequently, experimental verification was conducted to confirm the findings. A total of 132 intersecting genes of bisdemethoxycurcumin, as well as ulcerative coli-tis-related targets, were obtained. SRC, EGFR, AKT1, and PIK3R1 were the targets of highest potential, and the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways may be essential for the treatment of ulcerative colitis by bisdemethoxycurcumin. Molecular docking demonstrated that bisdemethoxycurcumin combined well with SRC, EGFR, PIK3R1, and AKT1. Moreover, the in vitro experiments suggested that bisdemethoxycurcumin might reduce LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in RAW264.7 cells by suppressing PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Our study provided a comprehensive overview of the potential targets and molecular mechanism of bisdemethoxycurcumin against ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, it also provided a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis, as well as compelling evidence for further study on the mechanism of bisdemethoxycurcumin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.     

CSRe二极铁电源关键技术分析

CSRe二极铁电源是一种高速、高精度的大功率晶闸管脉冲/稳流电源,分析该电源采用的一种改进型晶闸管整流技术、由IGBT组成的并联型有源滤波器技术和双环嵌套的PI调节器技术,给出调试时采集的波形,对电源的稳定度和电流纹波进行数据处理.调试中经过不断改进,达到了CSRe二极铁电源应用在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)中的设计要求.     

电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制系统设计

针对电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制（DPC）系统的特点,基于整流器的数学模型,得出了电压型PWM整流器DPC控制系统结构,并提出了新的整流器DPC控制系统PI调节器参数的设计方法。通过对交流电流、直流电压、瞬时有功功率及无功功率的仿真,结果表明系统具有单位功率因数、系统响应快等优点,证明了该设计方法的正确性.     

基于移相控制的软开关臭氧电源

研究了一种基于直流母线开关和谐振电容实现所有开关器件软开关的新型高效臭氧发生电源,分析了电路半周期的6个工作模态,得到了软开关实现的时序控制条件.采用IGBT模块作为电源开关,使用TMS320F28335作为控制器,设计了一台160g/h规格的臭氧发生器样机.该样机中,通过PSPWM移相调功实现臭氧产量调节,采用臭氧发生管端电压的PI闭环控制和软件锁相负载频率自动跟踪技术保障负载工作在准谐振状态.电源长期运行稳定可靠,运行测试波形与理论分析及仿真相当吻合,具有较大的实用价值.     

基于自抗扰控制器的异步电机矢量控制

针对异步电机的高性能鲁棒问题,采用自抗扰控制理论,设计并实现了基于自抗扰控制器的异步电机矢量控制方案。将电机模型中的耦合项及参数摄动视为系统扰动,采用扩张状态观测器进行观测并加以补偿,简化了系统结构,提高了响应速度。为减小运算量,对自抗扰控制器的典型结构作了简化处理,使控制周期缩短约1/2,提高了实时控制性能。仿真和物理实验表明,该文研究的基于自抗扰控制器的矢量控制系统,在70%额定负载突卸情况下的动态速升仅为0.8%,动态性能优异,对转子参数变化也具有较强的鲁棒性。