辽宁沈北煤田早第三纪植物群的发现

辽宁沈北煤田位于沈阳市北郊３０余ｋｍ处,为第四纪冲积层广泛覆盖的平地,基岩出露极少．据辽宁省煤矿管理局地质勘探局的普查,煤田地层由老至新依次为：前震旦系、震旦系、侏罗系、白垩系、下第三系、上第三系和第四系．沈北煤田的煤层主要产于下第三系,下第三系自上...     

Deep-water Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum （EOGM） in South Atlantic

The most prominent cooling event of the Earth surface during Cenozoic in the long-term transition from a non-glaciated planet, or “green-house world”, to a polar, glaciated planet, or “ice-house world”, is the Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) above the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at about 33.7 Ma. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate content, and coarse fraction, along with high-resolution color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility records during 35-30 Ma, from deep-water Sites 1262 and 1265, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 208 in South Atlantic, reveal the global cooling event occurring in both surface and deep oceans. The results show that the earliest Oligocene δ^18O values during 33.5-33.1 Ma represent the magnitude of continental ice sheets on east Antarctica and indicate the large decrease in both surface and deep water temperatures of worldwideoceans. The δ^13C records show the large excursion during the period of EOGM event and indicate some types of shift in global carbon reservoir, probably demonstrating the sudden increase in organic carbon burial rates and the changes in the distribution and timing of production. At the same time, lithologic composition, carbonate content, color reflectance, and coarse fraction brought about significant changes close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, reflecting the abrupt deepening in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Changes in carbonate content were revealed from the color reflectance identify periodicities associated with eccentricity of the Earth‘s orbit (100 and 400 ka), further indicating orbitally forced global climate variations in the Early Oligocene.     

Recent Advances in the Small Mammal Biostratigraphy and Magnetostratigraphy of Lanzhou Basin

The consensus view among geologists is that the Lanzhou Basin sequence of sediments contains the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, but where this occurs is unknown. Indeed, this is the crux of the issues concerning mid-Tertiary paleontology in Asia: what fauna corresponds with this time? What turnover events or distinctive taxa signal the beginning of the Miocene epoch? Once known, this will be of broad usefulness because vertebrate-bearing deposits are widespread in Asia and can be used to date basin sediments. Lanzhou and other basins permit a means of correlating to the time scale by using fauna and paleomagnetic data locally, and ultimately radiometric data from distant localities, to develop a precise biochronology. Herein, we summarize faunal constraints, primarily those of small mammal taxa, on correlation of the Lanzhou magnetozone sequence to the magnetic time scale. We conclude that the lower part of the Xianshuihe Formation contains the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, and that the top of the formation, both in the south and north parts of the basin, is middle Miocene in age. Rodents from lower white sand units of the Xianshuihe Formation, correlate to the Xiejia assemblage of the Xining Basin, Qinghai Province, and are early, but not earliest, Miocene age. The implication for rodent faunas of the epoch boundary is that they retained a mainly "Oligocene" composition, and that other presumed late Oligocene assemblages may be, in fact, early Miocene in age. The Lanzhou appearance of Proboscidea is 19-18 Ma, as expected.     

Sunda盆地(印尼)古近系Zelda段(扇)三角洲沉积特征

前人认为Sunda盆地古近系Talang Akar组Zelda段主要为河流沉.本文通过对岩心的岩性序列与沉积构造、测井曲线形态组合与地震反射特征的系统研究,认为古近系渐新统Zelda段主要为三角洲和扇三角洲沉积体系,在Zelda段沉积早期还发育代表盆地快速下沉阶段的近岸水下扇、滨浅湖、深湖以及浊积扇沉积.详细论述了Zelda段三角洲及扇三角洲的沉积特征和平面分布规律.     

辽东湾古近纪东营期古气候演化及其对湖平面变化的影响

依据植被对气候的适应性原理,通过对辽东湾地区古近系东营组中孢粉进行气候类型划分、不同气候类型孢粉含量和相对比值综合分析,对古气候演化及其对湖平面变化的影响进行研究。结果表明:辽东湾渐新世东营期气候总体上表现为从相对干热向相对冷湿转变;气候演变存在明显的旋回特征,大致可以划分为5个气候旋回,与前人研究划分的四级层序界面吻合;气候和构造沉降控制了不同层次的湖平面变化,气候为构造沉降稳定阶段控制湖平面高频升降的主控因素,并间接控制四级层序界面的形成,同时干热气候是形成盆底扇的有利条件。     

Evolution of an Eocene-Oligocene Saline Lake Depositional System and Its Controlling Factors,Jianghan Basin,China

The Upper Eocene–Lower Oligocene Qianjiang Formation of the Jianghan Basin in central China consists of a 4 700-m-thick lacustrine succession, containing 1 800 m of halite deposits. The maximum thickne...     

浊积岩油气藏——论辽河西部凹陷沙三段油气藏类型和特征

渐新世沙河街组第三段(简称沙三,下同)时期,辽河盆地进入裂谷发育的裂陷时期,块断差异运动主要以裂陷活动为特征。前第三系基岩块体在经受从晚侏罗纪一白垩纪、到渐新世长期的节奏性的引张破裂活动之后,又受到剧烈的肢解、拉开和陷落而形成裂谷。西部     

西湖凹陷某构造花港组致密砂岩储层的渗流特征

研究西湖凹陷某构造渐新统花港组致密砂岩储层的渗流特征,旨在为该气藏的高效开发提供指导性意见。利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜资料,综合分析物性测试、压汞、核磁共振、水驱气等实验数据,研究西湖凹陷某构造花港组致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构、气水渗流特征及其影响因素。该区致密砂岩储层孔隙类型以粒间溶孔为主,孔喉半径细小,且孔喉分选性差,排驱压力高;致密砂岩储层束缚水饱和度高,两相渗流区窄,气相相对渗透率较低,且见水后急剧下降,残余气饱和度较高,最终采收率低,且无水期采收率占最终采收率的比例很大,应充分重视储层见水前的天然气开采。储层渗流特征受物性、孔隙结构、原始含水饱和度以及润湿性等多种因素的影响,其中孔隙结构影响最大。     

惠民凹陷西部下第三系沙四段下部洪水-漫湖沉积特征

利用岩心、录井、粒度及古生物等资料 ,对惠民凹陷西部下第三系沙四段下部沉积特征进行了研究。结果表明 ,惠民凹陷西部沙四段下部发育洪水漫湖沉积。其主要特征为 :①岩石具有较高成分成熟度和较低结构成熟度 ;②发育重力流和牵引流兼而有之的沉积构造类型 ;③有丰富的生物扰动构造 ;④具条带状延伸的砂体形态。洪水漫湖沉积主要发育有洪水水道、洪水漫湖砂坪、洪水漫湖砂泥混合坪、洪水漫湖泥坪和漫湖风暴 5种沉积类型 ,根据平面及剖面特征建立了沉积相模式。洪水水道及洪水漫湖砂坪沉积具有良好的储集性能 ,是惠民凹陷深层勘探开发的重要领域     

Deep-water Oligocene pollen record from South China Sea

Leg 184 of ODP recovered a record of deepwater sediments spanning the past 32.8 Ma from the South China Sea (SCS). The sediments of the Ofigocene (32.8-23.8 Ma) at Site 1148 contain relatively abundant fossil pollen. The pollen analysis at Site 1148 has established the first pollen assemblage sequence of deep-water Oligocene in the China Sea. The pollen assemblages of the Ofigocene are dominated by montane conifer tree pollen. The abundances of broad-leaved tree pollen are lower in the assemblages.Both of the montane conifer and broad-leaved tree pollen groups include mainly tropical-subtropical components. The pollen of cold and drought-enduring plants is present in lower content. The distinct change in pollen assemblage sequence of deep-water Oligocene of the SCS occurred at 32.0 Ma, indicative of an important shift of the Oligocene climate in the SCS region. The characteristics of the pollen flora of the deep-water Oligocene indicate the tropical montane ralnforest and lowland ralnforest developed on the areas around the SCS before 32.0 Ma, reflecting the warm and wet climatic condition. In the pollen flora of the Oligocene after 32.0 Ma, the temperate montane conifer and cool and drought-en- during deciduous tree taxa remarkably increased, indicating that the climate in the SCS region became comparatively cool and dry.