Structurally and chemically heterogeneous nanofibrous nonwovens via electrospinning

Homogeneous nonwovens composed of polymer nanofibers of a given diameter are characterized by structural parameters such as the average pore sizes and internal surfaces as well as by transport properties, which are strongly correlated to the fiber diameter at a given porosity. Such nonwovens are used among others for filter applications, protective clothing or as scaffolds for tissue engineering. A frequent requirement is that, to be able to prepare nonwovens optimised for the specific application, one has to find ways to disrupt this strong correlation allowing independent modification of pore diameter, transport properties and internal surface or to induce local chemical and structural heterogeneities within the nonwoven. The route explored in this paper is based on the electrospinning of heterogeneous nonwovens composed of nanofibers with two different average diameters (by a ratio of up to 10 and more) on the one hand and/or different chemical nature on the other hand. Spinning parameters have been optimised to achieve this goal. In addition, nonwovens composed of fibers with circular cross-section and with ribbon-like cross-section have been prepared.     

Damping analysis of nonwoven natural fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites used in automotive interior parts

The aim of this work is to evaluate the dynamic properties of nonwoven flax, hemp, kenaf and glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Also, the influence of some parameters, such as the type of reinforcement, the fibre/matrix weight ratio, the fibre orientation and the porosity content, on the damping behaviour of these nonwoven composites is investigated. To this end, a free flexural vibrations analysis was conducted to experimentally identify their natural frequencies and their associated loss factors. The obtained results show that the nonwoven composites reinforced by natural fibres present higher loss factors compared with those of the glass-PP composite. These interesting damping properties make these nonwoven composites very attractive for automotive applications where the dissipation of vibrations is highly requested.     

Synthesis and performance characterization of PS-PPEES nanoporous membranes with nonwoven porous support

The present work describes about the synthesis and characterization of Polysulfone blend nanoporous membrane with nonwoven support. This Nonwoven support provides mechanical strength to membrane while filtration process and minimizes membrane fouling. Hence it helps in better membrane performance in terms of salt rejection, improved flux, thermal stability and fairly increases in proton conductivity. In this work we have used K.C.270 nonwoven material consisting of fine polyester fibers and has a thickness of below 110 μm.     

Modelling for Evaluation of Tensile Strength of Nonwoven and Its Experi-mental Verification

In this paper,the critical zone concept is proposed onthe mechanism of tensile breakage of nonwoven.Thestrength of critical zone of nonwoven is taken to be allthe pull-out force of bridging fibers from nonwoven,which are related to content of adhesive.The strength ofnonwoven is determined by the strength of critical zone.Based on these,a mathematical model of nonwovenstrength was derived.     

纯棉水刺非织造材料单向导湿整理工艺的优化

本研究采用含氟拒水整理剂(FG-910)对纯棉水刺非织造材料进行单面整理,使之具有亲疏水双侧结构,从而获得单向导湿功能.经分析可知,影响整理结果的有四个因子:整理液浓度、单位面积使用量、烘干温度和时间以及焙烘温度和时间.对这些因子进行分析,得出最佳整理方案为:整理液浓度40g/L,单位面积使用量为10g/m2,烘干条件为110℃×3min以及焙烘条件为160℃×2min.     

Extensible automated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

In this study, a convenient and extensible automated ionic liquid-based in situ dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (automated IL-based in situ DLLME) was developed. 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl]imide ([C₈MIM]NTf₂) is formed through the reaction between [C₈MIM]Cl and lithium bis[(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl]imide (LiNTf₂) to extract the analytes. Using a fully automatic SPE workstation, special SPE columns packed with nonwoven polypropylene (NWPP) fiber, and a modified operation program, the procedures of the IL-based in situ DLLME, including the collection of a water sample, injection of an ion exchange solvent, phase separation of the emulsified solution, elution of the retained extraction phase, and collection of the eluent into vials, can be performed automatically. The developed approach, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC–DAD), was successfully applied to the detection and concentration determination of benzoylurea (BU) insecticides in water samples. Parameters affecting the extraction performance were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method achieved extraction recoveries of 80% to 89% for water samples. The limits of detection (LODs) of the method were in the range of 0.16–0.45 ng mL⁻¹. The intra-column and inter-column relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <8.6%. Good linearity (r > 0.9986) was obtained over the calibration range from 2 to 500 ng mL⁻¹. The proposed method opens a new avenue for automated DLLME that not only greatly expands the range of viable extractants, especially functional ILs but also enhances its application for various detection methods. Furthermore, multiple samples can be processed simultaneously, which accelerates the sample preparation and allows the examination of a large number of samples.     

In vitro studies of PBT Nonwoven Fabrics adsorbent for the removal of low density lipoprotein from hyperlipemia plasma

Polyanion ligands such as acrylic acid (AA) and heparin were grafted on PBT Nonwoven Fabrics (PBTNF) to study their effect on the adsorption of low density lipoprotein (LDL). These modified PBTNFs were characterized by Horizontal Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy. The blood compatibilities of the modified PBTNFs were examined using in vitro hemolysis rate (HR), platelet adhesion, total protein (TP) and activated partial thromboplastin time. The results showed that direct immobilized heparin could improve PBTNF-PAA's blood compatibility and decrease the adsorption capability of useful high density lipoprotein, but would possess so low bioactivity that could not further improve the absorption of LDL and TC. Since the PBTNF-PAA55-Heparin adsorbent had quite good adsorption selectivity for these proteins, it can be an excellent candidate for depletion of LDL with good blood compatibility.     

Hydrophobic and oleophobic surface modification using fluorinated bis-urea and bis-amide gelators

A series of fluorinated bis-urea and bis-amide derivatives were synthesized from fluorinated amines and explored as surface modifiers for nonwoven substrates. A majority of these derivatives showed excellent gelation properties both in organic solvents as well as in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3 wt%. Gelation in the presence of a nonwoven substrate led to a gel-impregnated surface, which upon drying produced a composite with porous microstructure morphology on the surface. The composites thus produced showed high water and hexadecane contact angles, indicative of excellent hydrophobic and lyophobic properties. The superior hydrophobic and oleophobic behaviors observed in these composites are attributed to a combination of increased surface roughness and the presence of fluoroalkyl functionalities in the gelator backbone.     

动态紫外光谱法检测湿巾无纺布对苄索氯铵杀菌剂的吸附

生产中苄索氯铵在湿巾中的添加是通过药液浸渍的方式,即无纺布对药液中苄索氯铵分子的吸附而实现的。由于苄索氯铵的吸附是一个时间很短的动力学过程,目前关于无纺布对苄索氯铵吸附速率的研究还未见报道。以湿巾无纺布对溶液中苄索氯铵的吸附为研究对象,根据苄索氯铵在波长269 nm处存在特征吸收峰,通过搭建在线动力学紫外监测平台,利用蠕动泵将溶液输送到紫外分光光度计的流动比色皿进行循环检测,可实现对吸附过程中苄索氯铵溶液吸光度值的在线实时检测;根据苄索氯铵吸光度值与浓度的关系,推导计算得出苄索氯铵吸附量,从而实现了无纺布对苄索氯铵吸附速率的快速准确检测。该方法适用于在线监测无纺布对苄索氯铵吸附时药液浓度变化。结合Weber and Morris内扩散动力学模型,对苄索氯铵的吸附过程进行理论分析,为深入研究无纺布对苄索氯铵的吸附做指导。结果表明：无纺布对苄索氯铵的吸附是一个连续性的分散过程;第一阶段的苄索氯铵线性吸附与表层扩散有关,第二阶段为苄索氯铵扩散过程,第三阶段是苄索氯铵吸附与脱附的平衡动态过程,且第一阶段扩散率常数（41.60）远大于第二阶段的扩散率常数（15.63）,说明表层扩散在整个吸附过程中起了很重要的作用。研究工作对于湿巾生产过程中及时合理的添加苄索氯铵及优化湿巾生产工艺具有现实的指导意义。     

Nonwoven polypropylene as a novel extractant phase holder for the determination of insecticides in environmental water samples

In this work, a novel liquid‐phase microextraction approach using nonwoven polypropylene as the extraction solvent holder was developed. Nonwoven polypropylene, a hydrophobic material, is widely used in the cleanup of oil spills. Due to its large surface area, efficient, and full extraction can be achieved. Nonwoven polypropylene containing an ionic liquid was used to extract benzoylurea insecticides (diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, and chlorfluazuron) through vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction. The parameters that affected the extraction efficiency included the type and volume of the extractant, the extraction time, the time and solvent volume for desorption and the mass and surface area of the nonwoven polypropylene. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was obtained, with coefficients of determination greater than 0.9996, and the limit of detections of these compounds, calculated at S/N = 3, were in the range of 0.73–5.0 ng/mL. The recoveries of the four insecticides at two spiked levels ranged from 93.3 to 102.0%, with relative standard deviations of less than 4.0%. The proposed method was then successfully used for the rapid determination of benzoylurea insecticides in spiked real water samples before liquid chromatographic analysis. The procedure is simple, inexpensive, easy to execute, and can be widely used.