Et2Zn-mediated stoichiometric C(sp)-H silylation of 1-alkynes and chlorosilanes

A first example of an Et₂Zn mediated silylation of 1-aklynes is reported. A series of functional groups are tolerated in this reaction. Mechanistic studies support Zn alkynilides as intermediates in the reaction. This reaction protocol provides a practical method for the preparation of alkynylsilanes and expands the application of organometallic zinc in organic synthesis.     

Overproduction of riboflavin by anArthrobacter sp. mutant resistant to 5-fluorouracil

Effects of pH and dissolved oxygen concentration on batchwise riboflavin production by a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant mutant ofArthrobacter sp. were investigated. The reaction was carried out in a jar fermentor. The optimal pH of culture medium was around 7.3. Dissolved oxygen concentration was almost constant during fermentation at 600 rpm of agitation rate. Production of riboflavin reached a maximum of 160 mg/L after 70 h fermentation under the agitation rate of 600 rpm, aeration rate of 1.0 L/min, and pH 7.0.     

Isolation and characterization of thermophilic benzothiophene-degrading Mycobacterium sp.

A bacterial strain, SWU-4, capable of using benzothiophene (BT) as a sole carbon and energy source was isolated from a petroleum-contaminated site in Thailand and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to be in the genus of Mycobacterium. The strain was Gram-positive, nonspore former, and grew at 50° C. Colonies of the strain on nutrient agar were rod-shaped, smooth with a convex surface, slightly mucoid, and yellow pigmented. The thermophilic Mycobacterium sp. strain SWU-4 rapidly degraded 2% (w/v) BT at 50°C. Interestingly, this strain was able to degrade a wide variety of organosulfur compounds including thiophene, bromo(α)thiophene, and 3-methylthiophene in liquid minimum medium at 50°C, which will be beneficial for industrial applications.     

不同地理种源侧柏对侧柏绿胶杯菌抗性的测定试验

收集侧柏２１个种源,经繁育定植后,连续３年逐年测其对侧柏绿胶杯菌的抗性。其分析结果表明,不同地理种源侧柏之间其生长状况的优劣与抗病性关系不大,同一种源内生长势良好者其感病指数较轻;种源之间对绿胶杯菌的抗性存在有明显的差异,其中抗性较强的有河北民寿,山西晋城,贵州黎平,山西交城和陕西华阴种源,但是均未达到可以用以进行病害防治的高度抗病的程度。     

Isolation of lipase producer and its performance in enantioselective hydrolysis of glycidyl butyrate

A racemic glycidyl butyrate resolving strain, preliminarily identified as a Rhizopus sp., had been isolated from soil. Its extracellular lipase was found to enantioselectively hydrolyze the (S)-enantiomer of the chiral ester, with optimal activities at pH 5.3 and 42°C. Higher en antioselectivity of theenzyme was observed at lower temperatures, while the best anantioselectivity was obtained at pH 5.5–6.0, with an, E value (enantiomeric ratio) of 57.     

Synthesis of maltooligosyl fructofuranosides catalyzed by immobilized cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase using starch as donor

Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) from Thermoanaerobacter sp. was covalently immobilized on Eupergit C and used for the synthesis of maltooligosyl fructofuranosides employing soluble starch as donor and sucrose as acceptor. Using a weight ratio starch-sucrose of 1:2, the conversion of starch into acceptor products catalyzed by soluble and immobilized CGTases was higher than 80% in 48 h. Under these conditions, the reaction was selective for the formation of maltosyl fructofuranoside.     

Transformed steroids

A preparative method for 9a-hydroxylation of ⁵-3-hydroxysteroids using the fungi ofCircinella sp. 10Kh-1220 not capable of modifying theA ring has been developed. It is established that the yields of the main and the side products greatly depend on the transformation conditions, mycelium age, and the structure of the steroid substrate. Under the optimal transformation conditions novel 9-hydroxysubstituted derivatives of androstenolone, pregnenolone, 16-dehydro-16,17-epoxy-, and-16-methoxypregnenolone have been obtained in 36–80 % yields.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 737–743, April, 1994.     

Treatment of dairy wastewater using a selected bacterial isolate, Alcaligenes sp. MMRR7

Physicochemical and biologic analysis of dairy wastewater showed that the effluent had a high organic load (chemical oxygen demand [COD]: 5095 mg/L), an acidic pH (6.4), and a high probability of coliforms (most probable number [MPN]>1100). The various bacterial strains isolated and purified were identified as Sporolactobacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Proteus sp., as per the Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Among the five selected bacterial strains, the strain designated as MMRR₇ and identified as Alcaligenes sp. was found to give a maximum reduction in COD (62%) in 5 d of incubation. Chemical coagulation using alum at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL was found to be effective in the primary treatment of the effluent. Studies on free-cell treatment of the coagulated effluent with the selected bacterial strain Alcaligenes sp. MMRR₇ gave a maximum COD reduction of 91% in 120 h. This study clearly indicates the possibility of using Alcaligenes sp. MMRR₇ for the effective treatment of dairy wastewater.     

Effects of fatty acids on growth and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate production in bacteria

The effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (lauric acid, palmitic acid, steric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, soybean oil) on Sphaerotilus natans, 0B17 (Pseudomonas sp.), and recombinant Escherichia coli DH5(/pUC19/CAB were studied. Oleic acid enhances Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production in these three bacterial strains, suggesting that the single double bond of the acid activates the polyhydroxylkanoate accumulation enzymatic reaction. Under the effect of lauric acid and linoleic acid, the growth of S. natans and 0B17 were totally inhibited. However, the enhanced PHB accumulation in recombinant E. coli was observed.     

Antiplasmodial cembradiene diterpenoids from a Southwestern Caribbean gorgonian octocoral of the genus Eunicea

Five new representatives of the cembrane class of marine natural products have been isolated as minor metabolites from an undescribed species of Eunicea, a sea whip collected near the Colombian Southwestern Caribbean Sea. The structure of the crystalline metabolite 1 was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Structures could then be proposed for cembradienes 2-5 by comprehensive spectral analyses involving 2D NMR, IR, UV, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as chemical interconversion studies. Compound 1 exhibited weak cytotoxicity in the NCI 3-cell line panel human cancer screening program, whereas compounds 1, 2 and 4 displayed significant antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.