冷冻处理硝酸纤维素稀溶液对其内部结构影响的热分析研究

硝酸纤维素（NC）的丙酮稀溶液经过循环冷冻-融化处理后,对其内部结构运用热分析方法进行了初步研究,并通过放热速率方程法对NC样品热分解过程的动力学机理进行了探索.从而认为低温处理会导致NC分子链发生内缔合.     

Thermal characteristics of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate in contact with nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine under continuous heat flow

Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) and nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine (NC/NG) possess good energy properties, which were widely used in propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics. They are easy to contact with each other during their application and storage. However, their thermal characteristics under continuous heat flow have not been reported yet. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the thermal properties of TKX-50/NC/NG (mixture of TKX-50 and NC/NG). In this paper, the thermal characteristics and pressure behaviors of TKX-50/NC/NG, TKX-50 and NC/NG were characterized by high pressure differential scanning calorimetry (HPDSC) and adiabatic scanning calorimetry (ASC). The results showed that TKX-50 and NC/NG can promote each other to decompose under continuous heat flow, especially the thermal decomposition which affected by gases generation and heat feedback was more violent in the confined space. The decomposition peak temperature of TKX-50/NC/NG shifted to low temperature when the heat loss was ignored and the removal of decomposition gas was suppressed. The possible decomposition mechanism of TKX-50/NC/NG was speculated. It was considered that the intermediate products of TKX-50 and NC/NG decomposition under thermal stimulation would react with each other, which promoted TKX-50/NC/NG decomposition in one step at lower temperature. Thus, TKX-50 has high reactivity and high potential risk after contact with NC/NG under continuous heat flow. TKX-50 is not suitable for application with NC/NG. This study provides a reference for the structural design of nitrogen rich explosives and further broadens the researchers’ understanding of the application of TKX-50.     

Calorimetric studies of the growth of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in the presence of nitrocellulose

Calorimetric results indicate that nitrocellulose (NC)-induced changes in the metabolism of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 1388 are caused by both chemical (nitrate) and physical (biofilm formation) factors. Nitrate added to lactate-based culture medium with nitrocellulose competed for the electron flux from lactate and suppressed the bacterial sulfidogenesis and growth. The presence of an insoluble compound (carbon backbone of the polymer) induced the creation of a biofilm-like structure with its own metabolism.     

Analytical techniques in the study of highly-nitrated nitrocellulose

This work presents an updated overview of the analytical techniques used to study highly-nitrated nitrocellulose, which is used in explosives and is of forensic interest. Most articles published in the past decade were designed:(1) to investigate polymeric parameters of nitrocellulose (e.g., molar mass distribution, viscosity and specific refractive index) by size-exclusion chromatography;(2) to determine the morphological and thermal characteristics of nitrocellulose using thermal and spectroscopic techniques; and,(3) to study the thermal, biological and mechanical degradation of nitrocellulose by thermal, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric (MS) techniques, alone or coupled to gas chromatography.However, the few papers that focused on the determination of nitrocellulose used in explosives employed analytical techniques [e.g., vibrational techniques (infrared and Raman spectroscopy), MS and ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and liquid chromatography (LC) (high-performance LC and ion chromatography)]. Most of the information reported by these techniques has been qualitative. Only quantitative determination of nitrocellulose or its nitrogen content has been performed by measuring the nitrite and/or nitrate ions released from its basic hydrolysis.     

各色硝基铅笔漆中“可溶性”铅含量的测定

我们采用国家标准GB 9760[1]和GB9758.1[2]对各色硝基铅笔漆中"可溶性"铅含量进行了测定。本文对实验中酸萃取物的制备,样品的处理以及仪器最佳工作条件的选择等进行了研究。实验结果表明,只要根据样品实际情况,选择分离硝基漆中颜料效果最好的溶剂或混合溶剂,严格地遵守GB9760和CB9758.1实验步骤的全部细目等。就能得到足够的精密度,使实验获得成功。     

硝化棉废水处理工艺应用研究

通过混凝+两段活性污泥法对硝化棉废水处理工程运行效果的分析,研究了在不同的温度条件下利用不同的运行方式所产生的运行效果,寻求系统的优化运行方法。结果表明:当水温在18℃以上时,只采用两段生化(低氧-好氧)处理即可使出水CODCr、BOD5、SS等指标达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(8978—1996)二级标准,仅出水色度稍高;而当水温T<18℃时,经过两段生化处理后废水CODCr在300mg/L以上,需要启动物化处理单元,在生化处理前或后增加一级混凝沉淀处理,处理出水均可达到二级标准要求。     

Swelling and dissolution of cellulose, Part V: cellulose derivatives fibres in aqueous systems and ionic liquids

The swelling and dissolution mechanisms of several cellulose derivatives (nitrocellulose, cyanoethylcellulose and xanthate fibres) are studied in aqueous systems (N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide—water with various contents of water, hydroxide sodium—water) and in ionic liquids. The results are compared with the five modes describing the swelling and dissolution mechanisms of cotton and wood cellulose fibres. The mechanisms observed for the cellulose derivatives are similar to the ones of cotton and wood fibres. Swelling by ballooning is also seen with cellulose derivatives, showing that this phenomenon is linked to the fibre morphology, which can be kept after undergoing a heterogeneous derivatisation. Patrick Navard and Thomas Heinze—Members of the European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence (EPNOE),     

四川省甘薯病毒病调查及病原血清学鉴定

甘薯是四川省重要的农作物之一，病毒病是危害我省甘薯产量的重要因素。本文运用硝酸纤维膜酶联免疫检测法（NCM-ELISA）对采自成都平原以及绵阳、南充等四川重要甘薯产地的301份具有一定症状的甘薯新鲜叶片进行病毒检测。结果表明四川地区共发生包括甘薯羽状斑驳病毒（SPFMV）、甘薯潜隐病毒（SPLV）、甘薯G病毒（SPVG）、甘薯退绿病毒（SPCFV）等至少4种甘薯病毒，分析得出，不同甘薯品种与地区之间的病毒种类及感染程度差异明显。     

提高MALDI-MS测量溶菌酶分子量灵敏度的研究

近 1 0年来 ,基质辅助激光解吸质谱 (MALDI- MS)作为一种新兴的“软电离”质谱技术 [1,2 ] ,已很快地应用于生物大分子特别是蛋白质研究领域 [3 ] .MALDI- MS可在 1 0 - 12 mol甚至 1 0 - 15mol的水平上 ,准确地测定分子量高达几万到几十万的生物大分子 ;还可通过改变基质、溶液条件和样品的制备方法等实现大分子蛋白质非共价复合物的质谱检测 [4 ] .MALDI- MS能够得到如此广泛的应用 ,在很大程度上要归功于基质的辅助效应 .基质的作用主要可以概括如下 [5～ 7] :(1 )削弱样品分子间的相互作用 ;(2 )与样品分子结合并使之快速结晶 …     

Determination of nitrocellulose by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection

The industrial application of nitrocellulose depends on its nitrogen content. When nitrocellulose presents high nitrogen content is used in the manufacture of explosives whereas nitrocellulose with low nitrogen content is used to make a wide range of daily and non-explosive products (e.g. cigarettes, paints, lacquers). This fact makes really important to develop a method for the determination and discrimination of nitrocellulose samples. This work reports, for the first time, the qualitative determination of nitrocellulose previously derivatized with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) by capillary electrophoresis (CE-LIF) with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). APTS-labeled nitrocellulose was determined in lowly and highly nitrated nitrocellulose samples present in collodions and smokeless gunpowders, respectively, after their pulverization in liquid nitrogen. The method described enables the visual discrimination of different nitrocelluloses on the basis of the different electrophoretic profiles obtained, and provides a useful tool to determine nitrocellulose. Additionally, the use of field-amplified sample injection (FASI) enabled enhanced sample detection, which made it possible to determine nitrocellulose contained in ∼15 μg of gunpowder.