最早传入中国的西方地震学知识

龙华民(Nicolas Longobardi,1568~1654)和高一志(Alphonsus Vagnoni,1566~1610)都是明末西方来华传教的意大利传教士群中的两位,前者的《地震解》和后者的《空际格致》曾将当时欧洲的地震学知识介绍到中国来,其内容包括地震的起因、地震的等级、发生地震的季节和时辰、地震之前兆、地震后的状况(灾情)、发生地震之地点、地震持续时间等等.文章将一一加以叙述,并加以评论,可见用"气成说"解释地震之成因并不正确.但是所言火山爆发、地下岩浆沿着地壳裂隙涌出地面,确为地震成因之一.至于所言地震之预兆和地震后之破坏情形(灾情)等,与今人所见大致相同,仍然值得今人参考.     

The Nicolas and Robin inequalities with sums of two squares

In 1984, G. Robin proved that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the Robin inequality σ(n) < e ^γ n log log n holds for every integer n > 5040, where σ(n) is the sum of divisors function, and γ is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. We exhibit a broad class of subsets of the natural numbers such that the Robin inequality holds for all but finitely many . As a special case, we determine the finitely many numbers of the form n = a ² + b ² that do not satisfy the Robin inequality. In fact, we prove our assertions with the Nicolas inequality n/φ(n) < e ^γ log log n; since σ(n)/n < n/φ(n) for n > 1 our results for the Robin inequality follow at once.      

西方古典主义绘画中的理性启蒙精神

古典主义绘画艺术发生在理性启蒙的高峰期,艺术中的理性启蒙精神成为可能,由此形成古典主义绘画艺术精神追求中的三个重要症候,即从膜拜彼岸的神的虚幻世界转向关注此岸的人的现实生存空间;对死亡意识的深刻思考和焦虑;理性至上的美学追求。     

High mass and spatial resolution mass spectrometry imaging of Nicolas Poussin painting cross section by cluster TOF‐SIMS

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) imaging using cluster primary ion beams is used for the identification of the pigments in the painting of Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well by Nicolas Poussin. The combination of the high mass resolution of the technique with a sub‐micrometer spatial resolution offered by a delayed extraction of the secondary ions, together with the possibility to simultaneously identifying both minerals and organics, has proved to be the method of choice for the study of the stratigraphy of a paint cross section. The chemical compositions of small grains are shown with the help of a thorough processing of the data, with images of specific ions, mass spectra extracted from small regions of interest, and profiles drawn along the different painting layers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

来华耶稣会士龙华民事迹

龙华民系明末来华的耶稣会传教士,1597年始在韶州传教达十余年之久。利玛窦死后担任天主教在华负责人,曾持与利氏不同的传教方针,不过后来在遭遇挫折后有所改变,后来又到山东传教。他著有《圣撒若法行实》、《地震解》等多部中文著作,又参与了《崇祯历书》的编纂、校订工作,对中西文化交流做出了贡献,死后葬于北京。     

明末传教士汉语罗马字注音方案性质考

明末传教士的汉语罗马字注音方案是研究明末官话的重要材料。要利用这些材料研究明末官话，首要的工作是考察各个方案所依据的源语言。杨福绵先生提出罗氏方案是“根据十六世纪意大利语及葡萄牙语字母的拼音”。而学界对利、金二人方案所依据的源语言尚未有定论。文章首次提出利、金方案乃依据当时葡萄牙语拼音，为金氏一字符母分“甚、次、中”找到依据，澄清前说，并为构拟明代官话音值提供参考。