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1.
Behavior of cellulose in NaOH/Urea aqueous solution characterized by light scattering and viscometry
Cellulose was dissolved in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution, which was proven by a 13C NMR spectrum to be a direct solvent of cellulose rather than a derivative aqueous solution system. Dilute solution behavior of cellulose in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution system was examined by laser light scattering and viscometry. The Mark–Houwink equation for cellulose in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution at 25 °C was [η] = 2.45 × 10?2 weight‐average molecular weight (Mw)0.815 (mL g?1) in the Mw region from 3.2 × 104 to 12.9 × 104. The persistence length (q), molar mass per unit contour length (ML), and characteristic ratio (C∞) of cellulose in the dilute solution were 6.0 nm, 350 nm?1, and 20.9, respectively, which agreed with the Yamakawa–Fujii theory of the wormlike chain. The results indicated that the cellulose molecules exist as semiflexible chains in the aqueous solution and were more extended than in cadoxen. This work provided a novel, simple, and nonpollution solvent system that can be used to investigate the dilute solution properties and molecular weight of cellulose. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 347–353, 2004 相似文献
2.
实验探究NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3这三种常见的碱基物质在模拟燃煤烟气中的实际表现,发现三种碱基物质均具有一定的脱氯性能,NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3的脱氯性能依次下降,以脱氯效率70%为目标,使用三种碱基物质Na/Cl比分别需要达到5.8、7.1、8.7。高浓度SO2的存在对烟气脱氯有竞争作用,随着SO2浓度的提高,脱氯效率线性下降,不同碱基物质下,SO2浓度对脱氯效率的影响规律基本一致,SO2浓度每增加100 mg/m3,脱氯效率下降约1.4%。由于三种碱基物质达到相同脱氯效率时的Na/Cl比不同,综合考虑成本和溶解性,NaOH最具工业应用价值。 相似文献
3.
铬铁电化学氧化法是一种新的制备铬酸钠的方法,然而高碳铬铁在NaOH水溶液中的电化学氧化过程尚不明确。 采用循环伏安法(CV)、稳态极化法(LSV)等电化学测试方法对金属铬、高碳铬铁在NaOH水溶液中的电化学氧化过程进行研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对高碳铬铁电解后固相产物表征,判断固相产物的组成。 结果表明,高碳铬铁不同于金属铬的电氧化过程,它在NaOH溶液中通过Cr(0)→Cr(Ⅵ)的电氧化方式生成铬酸钠,中间产物Cr(OH)3和Fe(0)发生电化学反应生成稳定的FeCr2O4。 随着NaOH浓度的增加,电势较低时,受高碳铬铁中Fe(0)的影响,高碳铬铁容易在NaOH水溶液中发生钝化;当电势足够正时,钝化膜溶解,生成铬酸钠、氢氧化铁和亚铬酸亚铁,同时,阳极表面有氧气析出。 高碳铬铁电化学氧化制备铬酸钠的适宜条件:碱浓度≥2 mol/L,阳极电势≥1.6 V(vs.SCE)。 相似文献
4.
以NaOH电解液代替KOH能够明显改善MH/N i电池的自放电性能和高温(60℃)充电效率.电化学阻抗和循环伏安测试表明,NaOH电解液的作用可能是改变了H原子于负极表面的吸(脱)附行为,并在一定程度上抑制了负极的析氢过程,从而改善了电池的自放电性能. 相似文献
5.
采用等温量热法(ICC)、X线衍射仪(XRD)及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR),分析偏高岭土经不同浓度NaOH溶液激发后反应不同时间生成的产物。结果表明:40℃下偏高岭土与10和12 mol/L NaOH溶液反应,分别生成Na-A型沸石和硅铝酸钠材料(地质聚合物)。地质聚合反应初期涉及溶解、聚合及重排的过程,决定了产物的有序程度及性能。为保证地质聚合物的制备,应控制反应条件及激发剂浓度,避免产物向沸石转变。 相似文献
6.
从实验与理论两方面研究NaOH在水凝胶体模中的二维扩散特性.引入化学反应项,建立了刻画NaOH在蛋白质中渗透的反应扩散方程,继而对OH-在凝胶中的时空分布及不同注射浓度、不同反应速率常数下OH-的浓度分布进行了定量研究.实验利用加入酚酞指示剂的水凝胶对NaOH的扩散范围进行了刻画,与计算结果较为一致.该方法为预测NaO... 相似文献
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8.
The effects of the concentration of NaOH on the formation and transformation of various titanate nanostructures were studied. With increasing NaOH concentration, three different formation mechanisms were proposed. Nanotubes can only be obtained under moderate NaOH conditions, and should transform into nanowires with prolonged hydrothermal treatment, and their formation rate is accelerated by increasing NaOH concentration. Low concentration of NaOH results in the direct formation of nanowires, while extra high concentration of NaOH leads to the formation of amorphous nanoparticles. Adsorption and photocatalysis studies show that titanate nanowires and nanotubes might be potential adsorbents for the removal of both heavy metal ions and dyes and photocatalysts for the removal of dyes from wastewater. 相似文献
9.
A novel cellulose solvent, 1.5 M NaOH/0.65 M thiourea aqueous solution, was used to dissolve cotton linters having a molecular weight of 10.1 × 104 to prepare cellulose solution. Regenerated cellulose (RC) films were obtained from the cellulose solution by coagulating with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aqueous solution with a concentration from 2 to 30 wt %. Solubility of cellulose, structure, and mechanical properties of the RC films were examined by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, 13C NMR, and tensile tests. 13C NMR analysis indicated that the novel solvent of cellulose is a nonderivative aqueous solution system. The presence of thiourea enhanced significantly the solubility of cellulose in NaOH aqueous solution and reduced the formation of cellulose gel; as a result, thiourea prevented the association between cellulose molecules, leading to the solvation of cellulose. The RC film obtained by coagulating with 5 wt % H2SO4 aqueous solution for 5 min exhibited higher mechanical properties than that with other H2SO4 concentrations and a homogenous porous structure with a mean pore size of 186 nm for free surface in the wet state. The RC film plasticized with 10% glycerin for 5 min had a tensile strength of 107 MPa and breaking elongation of 10%, and about 1% glycerin in the RC film plays an important role in the enhancement of the mechanical properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1521–1529, 2002 相似文献
10.
分析白酒总酯含量时,通过添加不同的NaOH标准液量,发现白酒总酯含量有所差异 白酒总酯含量较低时,差异不显著;白酒总酯含量较高时,差异明显,影响分析结果 相似文献