虫草真菌克列特尼棒束孢霉菌丝体主要成分分析

从新鲜冬虫夏草上分离得到一株虫草真菌,经鉴定定名为克列特尼棒束孢霉(Isaria cretacea Morris)。并对冬虫夏草和此菌干菌丝体的主要化学成分进行了比较。结果表明,冬虫夏草与克列特尼棒束孢霉的粗蛋白含量相应为23.39mg/100mg和23.69mg/100mg;氨基酸含量为6.741mg/100mg和5.762mg/100mg;虫草菌素含量为66.99μg/g和249.71μg/g。此外,对二者的甘露醇和麦角甾醇结晶的熔点、紫外光谱、红外光谱等也进行了分析,表明二者均具有相同的性质。     

The Electronic and Infrared Absorption Spectra of Toluene-d

Abstract

The infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of toluene-d have been investigated for the first time in the regions 400 - 4000 cm^?1 and 2350 ?2750 A° respectively. The intense band at 2666.3 A°(37494 cm^?1) in the u.v. vapour absorption spectrum has been identified as the o,o band and others have been interpreted in terms of the three (519,632 and 785 cm^?1) ground state and the six (454,526,743,935,963 and 1180 cm^?1 excited state fundamentals. The correlation of the various frequencies of the ground and excited states of toluene and toluene-d has been done. The observed isotopic shift for toluene-d is 14 cm^?1.     

A UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based metabolomics study of rattan stems of Schisandra chinensis effects on Alzheimer's disease rats model

A UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based metabolomics method was established to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of rattan stems of S. chinensis (SCS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental AD model was induced by intra‐hippocampal Aβ_1–42 injection in rats. Cognitive function and oxidative stress condition in brain of AD rats were assessed using Morris water maze tests and antioxidant assays [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px)], respectively. UPLC‐TOF/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to study the changes in metabolic networks in serum of rats. The results indicated that the AD model was established successfully and the inducement of Aβ_1–42 caused a decline in spatial learning and memory of rats. The injection of Aβ_1–42 in rat brains significantly elevated the level of MDA, and reduced SOD and GSH‐Px activities. In addition, SCS showed significant anti‐AD effects on model rats. A total of 30 metabolites were finally identified as potential biomarkers of AD and 14 of them had a significant recovery compared with the AD model after SCS administration. Changes in AD metabolite profiling were restored to different levels through the regulation of 13 pathways. This is first report on the use of the UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based serum metabolomics method to investigate therapeutic effects of SCS on AD, and enrich potential biomarkers and metabolic networks of AD.     

4-甲基儿茶酚：一种神经生长因子诱导物对老龄鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的：观察外周应用４－ＭＣ对老龄鼠学习、记忆功能的影响,以期对４－ＭＣ能否促进中枢神经系统内源性ＮＧＦ的产生,并进而通过ＮＧＦ改善老龄鼠的脑功能做进上步的研究。方法：１０ｇ／ｋｇ体重小鼠腹腔内注射给药,对照组１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的维生素Ｃ溶液等量,用药１周后行Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫训练,连续７ｄ,第１５天进行一次水迷宫测试,记录其逃生时间,考查空间定位的学习和记忆能力。结果：实验结果主宰了外周应用４－ＭＣ     

Abundant bursting patterns of a fractional-order Morris–Lecar neuron model

In this paper, a fractional-order Morris–Lecar (M–L) neuron model with fast-slow variables is firstly proposed. The fractional-order M–L model is a generalization of the integer-order M–L model with fast-slow variables, where the fractional-order derivative is used to characterize the memory effect and power law of membranes. Then the bursting patterns of the new model are investigated by using the bifurcation theory of fast-slow dynamical systems. Numerical simulation shows that the new model exhibits some bursting patterns that appear in some common neuron models with properly chosen parameters but do not exist in the corresponding integer-order M–L model. Further, on the basis of a comparison of the nonlinear dynamics between the fractional-order M–L model and the integer-order M–L model, we show that the fractional-order derivative can activate the slow potassium ion channel faster and play an important role to modulate the firing activity of the new model.     

论威廉·莫里斯的生态美学思想——以《乌有乡消息》为例

威廉·莫里斯的《乌有乡消息》包含着丰富的生态美学思想。这体现在莫里斯批判资本主义为了赢利的虚假需要而生产,主张为人的真正需要而生产;他主张扼制世界市场体系的无限膨胀,让市场回归属人性质;他坦造了健康漂亮快乐的乌有乡人物,构思了体现人与自然和谐美的服饰、建筑。莫里斯的生态美学思想启示我们社会主义生产过程中要设定市场边界,满足人民的真正需要,生态文明建设首先应尊重自然规律,在人与自然的和谐中追求美。     

重复性经颅磁刺激对吗啡依赖小鼠学习记忆的影响

研究1 Hz rTMS对吗啡依赖小鼠学习记忆的影响,初步探讨1 Hz rTMS治疗吗啡依赖的机制.40只ICR小鼠随机分为正常对照组、1 Hz对照组、吗啡依赖组和1Hz治疗组.建立吗啡依赖CPP模型后,采用1 Hz rTMS对1Hz治疗组进行治疗.治疗后采用Morris水迷宫实验,检测小鼠学习记忆能力的改变.结果显示,与吗啡依赖组相比,1 Hz治疗组的潜伏期显著增加（P<0.05）;但穿越平台次数、平台所在象限停留时间、平台所在象限游泳距离和平台所在象限游泳距离与总游泳距离比率均无显著改变（P>0.05）     

电针对APP /PS1 转基因AD 小鼠Morris 水迷宫学习记忆行为的影响

摘要:目的探讨电针对5 月龄APP /PS1 转基因阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)模型小鼠学习记忆行为学 的影响。方法将16 只APP /PS1 转基因阳性雄鼠随机分为模型组、电针组,每组各8 只,8 只APP /PS1 转基因阴 性雄小鼠为对照组,电针组针刺“百会”、“涌泉”穴位后接电针仪,疏密波,每次针刺持续15 min,隔日1 次,对照组、 模型组以相同方法用鼠袋束缚15 min,隔日1 次,3 组都持续5 周,以Morris 水迷宫检测小鼠学习记忆能力。结果 3 组间的鼠逃避潜伏期的差异均有统计学意义(P ＜ 0. 05),电针组与模型组小鼠之间的差异有统计学意义( P ＜ 0. 05)。结论电针能提高APP /PS1 转基因AD 模型小鼠的学习记忆能力。     

αCaMKII在前脑过量表达损伤小鼠灵活性学习能力

将3月龄实验小鼠分为αCaMKII-F89G转基因组和同窝野生对照组,进行疲劳转棒实验和Morris水迷宫实验测试.结果显示,转基因组小鼠的体力和运动协调能力与对照组相比无显著的差异;在Morris水迷宫实验的可视平台测试中,转基因鼠的视觉和求生的动机表现正常;在定位航行训练和第一次空间探索测试中,两组鼠在训练时逃避潜伏期及测试中在目标象限探索时间无统计学差异;但是在反向定位空间学习阶段,转基因组在第二、三天逃避潜伏期和距离明显长于同窝对照组(P0.05).由此认为,αCaMKII在前脑过量表达对小鼠的灵活性学习有损伤作用,推测这种损伤有可能由前脑LTD的缺陷造成的.     

Characteristics of critical amplitude of a sinusoidal stimulus in a model neuron

The characteristics of the critical amplitude of a sinusoidal stimulus in a model neuron, Morris－Lecar model, are investigated numerically. It is important in the study of stochastic resonance to determine whether a periodic stimulus is subthreshold or not. The critical amplitude as a function of the stimulus frequency is not a constant, but a curve, which is the boundary between subthreshold and suprathreshold stimulation. It has been considered that this curve is U-shaped in the previous investigations, and this has been accepted as a universal phenomenon. Nevertheless, we think that it is only true for a type of neuron: namely, resonators. Actually, there exists another type of neuron, integrators, which can undergo a saddle-node on invariant circle bifurcation from the rest state to the firing state. For the latter we find that the critical amplitude increases monotonically as the frequency of sinusoidal stimulus is increased. This is shown by way of the Morris－Lecar model. As a consequence, the critical amplitude curve is studied further, and the dynamical mechanisms underlying the change in critical amplitude curve are uncovered. The results of this paper can provide a reference to choose the subthreshold periodic stimulus.