Determination of neuroprotective oxysterols in Calculus bovis,human gallstones,and traditional Chinese medicine preparations by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry

So far, the components responsible for the neuroprotective effects of Calculus bovis are unclear. Cholesterol, one of the major components in Calculus bovis, is easily oxidized into oxysterols, which possess direct or indirect neuroprotective effects proved by our and others’ previous studies. Therefore, a liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method coupled with ultrasonic extraction and solid‐phase extraction was developed for the determination of neuroprotective oxysterols in Calculus bovis, human gallstones, and traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C₁₈ column with isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The established method showed good linearity (R² > 0.998), sensitivity with low limits of detection (0.06–0.39 μg/g), acceptable precisions (relative standard deviations ≤ 7.4%), stability (relative standard deviations ≤ 5.9%), and satisfactory accuracy (92.4–102.9%) for all analytes identified by different retention times, which could be applied for the determination of oxysterols. Five kinds of oxysterols proved to function as neuroprotectants were detected at different concentrations. Among them, 7β‐hydroxycholesterol and cholestane‐3β,5α,6β‐triol were rather abundant in the samples. It could be concluded that the potential neuroprotective components in Calculus bovis may be these oxysterols.     

实验动物牛棒杆菌感染危害与防控措施

本文对棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium spp.)感染引起的过度角化症的流行病学特点、临床症状、诊断方法和防控净化措施的研究进展进行综述.结合啮齿类实验动物饲养管理特点,推荐有效的动物设施灭菌净化方法以及科学的预防控制措施.当动物设施被诊断出牛棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium bovis)感染,建议对饲...     

牛结核分支杆菌临床分离株rpsL，rpoB，KatG基因突变分析

采用噬菌体生物扩增法对本实验室分离鉴定的25株奶牛结核分支杆菌进行药敏分析,检测出14株耐链霉素、利福平、异烟肼菌株．用PCR扩增耐药株的rpsL基因片段（370bp）、rpoB基因片段（213bp）和KatG基因片段（458bp）,并对目的片段进行测序分析,其中5株耐链霉素菌株的rpsL基因在43位点发生突变,均由赖氨酸密码子（AAG）突变为精氨酸密码子（AGG）;5株利福平耐药株的rpoB基因在531位点、526位点、5¨位点发生突变,其中有3株分离株的rpoB基因在531位点发生点突变,1株分离株的rpoB基因在526位点发生突变,1株分离株的rpoB基因在531位点和511位点发生了较为少见的联合突变;4株异烟肼耐药菌株,其中2株在315位点发生碱基突变,2株在463位点发生碱基突变．     

高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法检测牛黄解毒片中的砷

采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HPLC-HG-AFS)测定了牛黄解毒片中AsIII和AsV的含量,制定了牛黄解毒片中砷的质量控制标准;对砷的提取、分离和分析条件进行了优化.结果表明,在优化的提取、分离和分析条件下,牛黄解毒片中的AsⅢ和AsV分离良好,测定精密度和准确度较高;5个不同厂家生产的牛黄解毒片中均含有AsⅢ和AsV,所有厂家生产的牛黄解毒片中AsⅢ的含量均比AsV的含量高.     

Searching for the main anti-bacterial components in artificial Calculus bovis using UPLC and microcalorimetry coupled with multi-linear regression analysis

The fingerprints of artificial Calculus bovis extracts from different solvents were established by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and the anti-bacterial activities of artificial C. bovis extracts on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth were studied by microcalorimetry. The UPLC fingerprints were evaluated using hierarchical clustering analysis. Some quantitative parameters obtained from the thermogenic curves of S. aureus growth affected by artificial C. bovis extracts were analyzed using principal component analysis. The spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and anti-bacterial activities were investigated using multi-linear regression analysis. The results showed that peak 1 (taurocholate sodium), peak 3 (unknown compound), peak 4 (cholic acid), and peak 6 (chenodeoxycholic acid) are more significant than the other peaks with the standard parameter estimate 0.453, -0.166, 0.749, 0.025, respectively. So, compounds cholic acid, taurocholate sodium, and chenodeoxycholic acid might be the major anti-bacterial components in artificial C. bovis. Altogether, this work provides a general model of the combination of UPLC chromatography and anti-bacterial effect to study the spectrum-effect relationships of artificial C. bovis extracts, which can be used to discover the main anti-bacterial components in artificial C. bovis or other Chinese herbal medicines with anti-bacterial effects.     

牛摩拉氏菌溶血素基因克隆的探讨

应用分子遗传学方法，以光敏生物素标记的ＤＮＡ探讨针进行分子杂交等手段克隆了牛摩拉氏菌溶血素结构基因，并在大肠杆菌中得到表达，其重组子定名为ＭＲ９，分子量为６．４５Ｋｂ，外源片段分子量为３．８Ｋｂ?     

Simultaneous quantification of the major bile acids in Artificial Calculus bovis by high‐performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization and its application in quality control

An accurate and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography method coupled with ultralviolet detection and precolumn derivatization was developed for the simultaneous quantification of the major bile acids in Artificial Calculus bovis, including cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. The extraction, derivatization, chromatographic separation, and detection parameters were fully optimized. The samples were extracted with methanol by ultrasonic extraction. Then, 2‐bromine‐4’‐nitroacetophenone and 18‐crown ether‐6 were used for derivatization. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent SB‐C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm) at a column temperature of 30°C and liquid flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using water and methanol as the mobile phase with a gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 263 nm. The method was extensively validated by evaluating the linearity (r² ≥ 0.9980), recovery (94.24–98.91%), limits of detection (0.25–0.31 ng) and limits of quantification (0.83–1.02 ng). Seventeen samples were analyzed using the developed and validated method. Then, the amounts of bile acids were analyzed by hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis and principal component analysis. The results of the chemometric analysis showed that the contents of these compounds reflect the intrinsic quality of artificial Calculus bovis, and two compounds (hyodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) were the most important markers for quality evaluating.     

牛棒状杆菌感染及其防治措施

摘要: 本文简述了牛棒状杆菌感染的主要病因、发病机制、临床症状、传播方式及诊断,同时结合国内外关于牛棒状 杆菌感染的最新研究情况,对可行的预防措施、日常观察及病情判断,以及感染后的处理措施进行了探讨,以期为 牛棒状杆菌的防治提供参考。     

顶空气相色谱法同时测定人工牛黄中7种残留溶剂

建立了同时测定人工牛黄中石油醚（60~90 ℃）、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、二氯甲烷、乙醇、乙酸丁酯7种残留溶剂的顶空气相色谱分析方法。以Agilent DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱为分离柱,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,内标法定量,并考察了顶空平衡温度、加压时间、平衡时间等对残留溶剂测定的影响。在优化的条件下,7种残留溶剂在选择的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均不小于0.9993;在高、中、低3个加标水平下,平均回收率为94.7%~105.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均不大于3.5%。方法的检出限（LOD）为0.43~5.23 mg/L,定量限（LOQ）为1.25~16.67 mg/L。该方法操作简单、准确灵敏、高效快捷,适用于人工牛黄中7种残留溶剂的同时检测。